Question 1

In his ethnography in Oakland, California, Victor Rios (2011) conducted participant observation, as well as ______.

Accepted Answer

While Victor Rios conducted participant observation, he also conducted both focus groups and intensive interviews with participants in his ethnographic study in Oakland, California.

Question 2

Cresswell and Plano Clark (2011) suggest that the unique feature of this design is that it uses a theoretical perspective with a social justice focus such as feminist research or participatory action research ______ design.

Accepted Answer

Cresswell and Plano Clark (2011) state that the unique feature of this design is the use of a theoretical perspective with a social justice focus, which is characteristic of a transformative design. The other options (multiphase, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential) do not mention the use of a theoretical perspective with a social justice focus.

Question 3

The design where the qualitative method is implemented first followed by the quantitative method is ______ design.

Accepted Answer

The design where the qualitative method is implemented first followed by the quantitative method is called an exploratory sequential design. This design aims to explore and understand a phenomenon through the qualitative phase before testing and verifying it using a quantitative approach. This approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the topic by sequentially combining the benefits of both qualitative and quantitative methods.

Question 4

Testa and colleagues (2011), supplemented their quantitative study of violence against women with a qualitative component, which design is known as a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

The correct design is known as an embedded design, specifically QUAN(qual) design, where the qualitative component is embedded within a primarily quantitative study to provide additional, supportive insights.

Question 5

The function often underscored in mixed-methods research is ______.

Accepted Answer

Triangulation is the function often underscored in mixed-methods research. It refers to the use of multiple methods, data sources, or perspectives to confirm or corroborate findings. This helps to increase the validity and reliability of the research results.

Question 6

This design occurs when the primary method is qualitative or quantitative but the researcher adds the other component to gain additional insight ______ design.

Accepted Answer

In an embedded design, one primary method (either qualitative or quantitative) is used, but the other method is added to provide additional insights, making the secondary method embedded within the primary research framework.

Question 7

Kupchik (2010) provides an excellent example of triangulation in practice in his book, Homeroom Security. His methodology would be classified as a ______ design.

Accepted Answer

Kupchik's work in "Homeroom Security" exemplifies a convergent parallel design, where qualitative and quantitative data are collected in parallel, analyzed separately, and then merged to interpret the comprehensive results. This approach allows for a more thorough understanding by triangulating data from different sources.

Question 8

The quantitative and qualitative methods are implemented at the same time and the findings are integrated and interpreted together in this design ______.

Accepted Answer

The design that involves the integration and interpretation of the findings from both quantitative and qualitative methods is the convergent parallel design. This design allows for the triangulation of data and can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the research question than either method alone. The other options, exploratory sequential design, embedded design, and explanatory design, do not involve the integration of both quantitative and qualitative data in the same way.

Question 9

This design involves a series of quantitative and qualitative designs. Each design and its findings inform the next phase ______ design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This design involves a series of quantitative...

Question 10

Some mixed-methods designs begin with a qualitative method to explore a phenomenon and then proceed with a quantitative method for ______ purposes.

Accepted Answer

The mixed-methods design that begins with a qualitative method to explore a phenomenon and then proceeds with a quantitative method is known as a sequential design. The purpose of the quantitative method in this design is usually confirmatory, in that it is used to confirm or validate the findings of the qualitative method. Therefore, the best choice is B: confirmatory. The other options, exploratory and transformative, do not accurately describe the purpose of the quantitative method in this design.

Question 11

In her case study of American Indian homicide, Bachman (1992) hypothesized that the more traditional and integrated a reservation community, the lower the rate of homicide. When she collected her data, she found ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In her case study of American Indian...

Question 12

The term mixed methods more specifically indicates that research has combined ______ in an investigation of the same or related research question(s).

Accepted Answer

The term mixed methods refers to research that combines both qualitative and quantitative methods in an investigation of the same or related research question(s).

Question 13

The use of multiple methods to study one research question is ______.

Accepted Answer

The use of multiple methods to study one research question is called triangulation. This approach can increase the validity and reliability of the research findings as it allows for multiple perspectives and sources of data to be considered. Twinulation, quadrilation, and octorulation are not recognized research terms.

Question 14

Combining qualitative and quantitative methods within one research project can strengthen the project's design by enhancing ______.

Accepted Answer

Combining qualitative and quantitative methods can help to capture the richness and complexity of the research topic, while also providing statistical significance and generalizability to a larger population. Qualitative methods can help with generating hypotheses and understanding context, while quantitative methods can help with testing these hypotheses and making broader conclusions. Therefore, the combination of both methods can strengthen the overall design of the research project by improving its generalizability.

Question 15

A researcher who accepts a positivist philosophy believes that ______.

Accepted Answer

A positivist philosophy holds that there is an objective reality that exists independently of our perceptions or interpretations of it. This reality can be studied and understood through empirical observation and scientific methods. Positivists reject the subjective experiences or interpretations of individuals, and instead focus on objective, measurable phenomena. Therefore, option D is the correct option.

Question 16

Meta-analysis is a quantitative method for identifying patterns in findings ______.

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis is specifically used to analyze and synthesize results from multiple studies of the same research question. It combines the findings from each study into a single estimate of the effect size, providing an overall picture of the pattern of results.

Question 17

In 1993, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted a study that examined the effect of having a gun in the home and injurious outcomes such as accidental shootings. The study found that residents who had guns in their homes were ______.

Accepted Answer

The CDC study found that residents who had guns in their homes were significantly more likely to be injured or die from a gun than residents in homes without guns.

Question 18

Meta-analysis shows how evidence about interventions varies across ______.

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis examines multiple research studies to draw conclusions about the efficacy of interventions. Therefore, evidence about interventions can vary across research studies.

Question 19

Bachman conducted face-to-face interviews with homicide offenders at three Midwestern state prisons and then collected state- and county-level data on homicide rates from Supplementary Homicide Reports to test her hypotheses, one of which was ______.

Accepted Answer

Bachman's hypothesis was that the higher the level of social disorganization within a reservation community, the higher the rate of homicide.

Question 20

A researcher who accepts a(n) ______ philosophy believes that the reality experienced by individuals differs because reality exists only in relation to each individual's unique perspective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher who accepts a(n) ______ philosophy...

Quiz 11: Mixing and Comparing Methods