When random assignment is not possible, a(n) ______ control group design is often used.

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When random assignment is not possible, the best option is to use a nonequivalent control group design. This involves selecting a comparison group that is as similar as possible to the treatment group in terms of relevant characteristics, but not assigning them to treatment in a random way. This helps to reduce the risk of spurious relationships between the treatment and outcome variables.

When Random Assignment Is Not Possible, A(n) ______ Control Group