Question 1

Describe the effects of maltreatment on academic performance at both the primary school ages and the secondary school ages.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Discuss the concept of bullying. What are the major types of bullying? What are the means by which adolescents and children are bullied? How common is bullying? Who is most likely to be bullied? What are the harmful effects of bullying?

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

White youths are at greater risk (compared to minority youths) of being sexually victimized by another inmate.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that white youths in juvenile detention centers are at a higher risk of being sexually victimized than their minority counterparts. This may be due to a number of factors, including the perceived vulnerability of white youths, their lower status in the social hierarchy within these facilities, and the fact that staff may be more likely to ignore or dismiss their complaints of abuse.

Question 4

Discuss the concept of resiliency. What is resiliency? Why is it that some young people are more resilient to trauma experiences? Provide examples of protective factors that contribute to resiliency.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

In 2013, more people were homicide victims than were suicide victims.

Accepted Answer

In 2013, there were more deaths by suicide than by homicide globally. Suicide rates have consistently been higher than homicide rates in most parts of the world, according to data from the World Health Organization and other sources.

Question 6

Having certain traumatic experiences exposes a youth to a much greater risk of another trauma.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that children and adolescents who have experienced trauma are at a higher risk for future traumatic experiences. This can be due to a variety of factors, such as increased vulnerability, decreased coping skills, and a higher likelihood of being exposed to dangerous situations. Therefore, it is important to provide support and resources for youth who have experienced trauma to reduce their risk of further traumas.

Question 7

Delinquency pathways and trauma victimization experiences are the same for adolescent males and females.

Accepted Answer

While adolescent males and females may exhibit similar delinquency pathways and both may experience trauma victimization, there are also important gender differences that must be considered in understanding these issues. Research has shown that males are more likely to engage in externalizing behaviors such as physical aggression and substance use, while females are more likely to engage in internalizing behaviors such as depression and anxiety. Additionally, females are more likely to experience sexual violence and other forms of interpersonal victimization, while males are more likely to experience violence and victimization in public spaces. Thus, while there may be some similarities in delinquency and trauma experiences between males and females, it is important to also consider gender-specific factors.

Question 8

When researchers have expanded the definitions of trauma victimizations, a less accurate count of maltreatment was the result.

Accepted Answer

Expanding the definitions of trauma victimizations allows for a more comprehensive and accurate count of maltreatment cases by including a wider range of experiences and recognizing various forms of trauma that were previously overlooked or minimized.

Question 9

The greater the number and severity of the traumatic experiences, often the greater the impairment for adolescents.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that the more severe and frequent the traumatic experiences, the greater the negative impact on adolescents' mental and physical health, as well as their behavioral and social development. These effects can persist long after the traumatic events have occurred, making early intervention and support particularly important.

Question 10

Discuss the various types of maltreatment. Be sure to define the official, legal categories as well as how maltreatment can be classified according to the duration of the maltreatment (i.e., different forms of trauma). You should provide examples of each type of maltreatment/trauma.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Within delinquent populations, boys are more likely than girls to have been victims of sexual abuse.

Accepted Answer

Girls within delinquent populations are more likely than boys to have been victims of sexual abuse, reflecting broader societal trends where females are at a higher risk for sexual victimization.

Question 12

Discuss the concept of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). What are the symptoms of PTSD? How is PTSD diagnosed? What is hypervigilance? What is the prevalence of PTSD among children and adolescents?

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

It is estimated that between 8% and 10% of adolescents have been a victim of sexual assault before the age of eighteen.

Accepted Answer

This is a commonly cited estimate based on various studies and surveys conducted in the United States. However, the exact percentage may vary depending on the study's methodology and population sample.

Question 14

Once young people become involved with the juvenile justice (and adult criminal) system, the risk for abuse and assault decreases dramatically.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that young people involved in the juvenile justice and adult criminal systems are at an increased risk for abuse and assault. They are often placed in facilities with poor living conditions and subjected to violence from both staff and other inmates.

Question 15

Evidence to date cannot conclusively find that maltreatment effects for females are greater when compared to males in delinquency development; though the impact of abuse and neglect is different.

Accepted Answer

Research has not consistently found that females experience greater effects of maltreatment on delinquency development compared to males. However, the impact of specific forms of maltreatment, such as sexual abuse, may differ for males and females.

Question 16

Physical abuse is defined by state law, with few commonalities across the states.

Accepted Answer

Physical abuse is generally defined in a similar manner across states, typically involving the infliction of physical harm or injury upon an individual. While specific statutes and definitions can vary, there is a common understanding of what constitutes physical abuse in the legal frameworks of most states.

Quiz 9: Trauma and Delinquency