Question 1

Children's sense of industry and emerging sense of self influences their achievement motivation.

Accepted Answer

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, children develop a sense of industry (competence and productivity) during the stage of industry versus inferiority, which influences their achievement motivation. Additionally, during this stage, children also develop an emerging sense of self as they compare themselves to others and receive feedback on their abilities and accomplishments.

Question 2

Culture can influence how risk and protective factors manifest in a child in adverse conditions.

Accepted Answer

Cultural norms, values, beliefs, and practices can affect how a child perceives and reacts to adverse situations. For example, in some cultures, seeking help for mental health issues may be stigmatized, which can discourage a child from accessing appropriate support services. On the other hand, some cultures may emphasize collectivism and social support, providing a protective factor for the child in adverse circumstances. Therefore, understanding the cultural context is crucial in addressing risk and protective factors for children.

Question 3

Children adjust and develop the same reared by same-sex couples compared to those reared by other couples.

Accepted Answer

Numerous research studies have found that children raised by same-sex couples develop and adjust similarly to those raised by opposite-sex couples. Factors such as a stable home environment, parental support, and involvement in education and extracurricular activities are more important than the gender of the parents.

Question 4

Perpetrators of sexual abuse are most often males unknown to the child.

Accepted Answer

Most sexual abuse is committed by someone the child knows and trusts, such as a family member, family friend, or another trusted adult, rather than by strangers.

Question 5

Children and adults show similar patterns of medial prefrontal cortex activity in response to self-knowledge and evaluation tasks.

Accepted Answer

Children and adults show different patterns of medial prefrontal cortex activity in response to self-knowledge and evaluation tasks, reflecting developmental changes in the brain.

Question 6

Children who live with unmarried cohabiting parents who have close, caring relationships with them and whose union is stable still develop less as well as their counterparts whose parents' marriage is stable.

Accepted Answer

Children's development is more closely related to the quality of parenting and the stability of their home environment than to the marital status of their parents. Children can thrive in various family structures, including those with unmarried, cohabiting parents, provided they experience close, caring relationships and a stable home environment.

Question 7

Sexual abuse refers to inappropriate touching, comments, or sexual activity, coerced or persuaded with a child.

Accepted Answer

Sexual abuse is defined as any sexual act or behavior that occurs without the explicit and informed consent of one or more of the individuals involved, typically involving a child or someone who is vulnerable and unable to give consent. This may include inappropriate touching, comments, or sexual activities that are coercive or forced.

Question 8

In middle childhood, children develop more sophisticated and comprehensive self-concepts.

Accepted Answer

During middle childhood, children's self-concepts become more complex and incorporate multiple social groups, personality traits, and abilities. They also become more aware of how others perceive them, which further shapes their self-concept.

Question 9

School-age children's sense of self-esteem is less realistic than a preschooler's sense of self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

School-age children start to compare themselves to others and become more aware of their strengths and weaknesses, leading to a more realistic sense of self-esteem compared to preschoolers, who tend to overestimate their abilities.

Question 10

Single fathers are more likely than mothers to live with a partner.

Accepted Answer

According to a report by Pew Research Center, 41% of single fathers live with a partner, while only 16% of single mothers do.

Question 11

It is up to a teacher's discretion as to whether to report suspected child sexual abuse to authorities.

Accepted Answer

It is not up to a teacher's discretion to report suspected child sexual abuse. In most states in the US, teachers are mandated reporters and are required by law to report suspected child abuse to authorities. Failure to do so can result in legal and professional consequences.

Question 12

Friendships tend to remain stable from middle childhood into adolescence, especially among girls.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that friendships tend to remain stable from middle childhood into adolescence, particularly among girls. This stability may be attributed to shared interests, emotional support, and communication skills that develop over time. However, it is important to note that friendships can also experience changes and challenges during this period due to factors such as social pressure and increased independence.

Question 13

Victims of cyberbullying are more likely to report their abuse or to seek help than victims of traditional bullying.

Accepted Answer

Victims of cyberbullying are often less likely to report their abuse or seek help compared to victims of traditional bullying, partly due to fear of losing access to their devices or embarrassment.

Question 14

A minority of popular children are labeled by peers and teachers as tough and show antisocial and aggressive behavior.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that a small percentage of popular children exhibit tough or aggressive behavior and may be labeled as bullies by their peers and teachers.

Question 15

In middle childhood, parents are able to continue with the same parenting strategies that they used when their children were younger.

Accepted Answer

While some parenting strategies may still be effective, middle childhood is a developmental period that requires some adjustments in parenting style. Children in this stage have an increased desire for independence, may challenge authority more, and are more influenced by peers. Parents need to balance setting boundaries with allowing their child to explore and make their own decisions.

Question 16

Another name for bullying is peer victimization.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Peer victimization refers to any negative actions taken by peers towards an individual, which can include bullying.

Question 17

Divorce causes significant and irreparable harm to children.

Accepted Answer

While divorce can have negative effects on children, such as emotional distress and adjustment difficulties, it does not always cause significant and irreparable harm. Many children adjust well over time, and the quality of parenting and the level of conflict between parents are significant factors in children's well-being post-divorce.

Question 18

Parents influence children's achievement through their own beliefs and attitudes about ability.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that parents who believe in their children's abilities and have high expectations for them can positively influence their children's academic achievement. On the other hand, parents who have negative beliefs or low expectations may inadvertently limit their children's success.

Question 19

Children in middle childhood are capable of coping with anxiety better than a younger child.

Accepted Answer

Children in middle childhood (ages 6-12) have developed cognitive and emotional skills that allow them to better manage anxiety and cope with stressful situations compared to younger children. They have better language and reasoning skills, are able to understand cause and effect relationships, and can think about the future and plan for it. However, individual differences and personal experiences can impact how well a child copes with anxiety.

Question 20

School-age children are more likely than preschoolers to say that they have lots of friends.

Accepted Answer

The answer of School-age children are more likely than preschoolers...

Quiz 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood