Question 1

Plants do not contain cholesterol but they do contain other sterols.

Accepted Answer

Plants do not contain cholesterol, which is found only in animal products, but they do contain other types of sterols such as sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol. These plant sterols have been shown to have health benefits such as lowering cholesterol levels in humans.

Question 2

Most unsaturated fatty acids occur naturally in the trans form.

Accepted Answer

Most unsaturated fatty acids occur naturally in the cis form, not the trans form. Trans fatty acids typically result from industrial processing or hydrogenation of unsaturated fats.

Question 3

After mobilization, circulation, and uptake into the cells, fatty acids are transported into the mitochondria where they go through an activation step.

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids undergo the activation step before they are transported into the mitochondria, converting them into acyl-CoA.

Question 4

Endurance exercise training results in an enhanced ability to oxidize fat.

Accepted Answer

Endurance exercise training promotes adaptations in the muscles that increase the capacity to burn fat as fuel, such as increased mitochondrial density and oxidative enzyme activity. This results in an enhanced ability to oxidize fat during exercise and at rest.

Question 5

Leafy green vegetables, fatty fish, and flaxseed are sources of alpha-linolenic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid.

Accepted Answer

Leafy green vegetables like spinach and kale, fatty fish like salmon and tuna, and flaxseed are all sources of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid. ALA is important for brain health and reducing inflammation in the body.

Question 6

When fatty acid oxidation is accelerated, ketone production decreases.

Accepted Answer

When fatty acid oxidation is accelerated, it leads to an increase in ketone production as a result of increased breakdown of fatty acids. Therefore, the statement is false.

Question 7

People who chronically consume low-fat diets are highly likely to manifest an essential fatty acid deficiency.

Accepted Answer

Essential fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6, can be obtained from both low-fat and high-fat foods, including fish, nuts, and seeds, so a low-fat diet does not necessarily lead to a deficiency if these foods are included.

Question 8

The production of ketones is part of the normal metabolic pathway for fat.

Accepted Answer

Ketone production is a normal metabolic process that occurs when the body does not have enough glucose (blood sugar) to use for energy, and turns to using stored fat instead. This process is called ketogenesis and results in the production of ketones, which the body can use for energy. This occurs during fasting, low-carbohydrate diets, or prolonged exercise. However, excessive production of ketones can lead to a condition called ketoacidosis, which is a serious medical emergency.

Question 9

Exercise stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, which releases hormones from the adrenal glands.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Exercise activates the sympathetic nervous system, which triggers the release of hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal glands. These hormones help prepare the body for physical activity by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, among other things.

Question 10

There is a known relationship between chronically low intake of dietary fat and low estrogen levels in female athletes of childbearing age.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is a known relationship between chronically...

Question 11

Fat cannot be stored in muscle.

Accepted Answer

Fat can be stored in muscle tissues in the form of intramuscular fat, which provides energy during prolonged exercise and contributes to muscle endurance.

Question 12

The diet of a highly trained athlete tends to be relatively low in fat because the need for carbohydrate and protein is relatively high.

Accepted Answer

Highly trained athletes require high amounts of carbohydrate and protein for energy and muscle repair, respectively. Fat, although important in moderation, is not as necessary for meeting these high demands and can actually slow digestion and absorption of other nutrients. Therefore, a high-carbohydrate, moderate-protein, and low-fat diet is typically recommended for athletes.

Question 13

As exercise intensity increases, relative fat oxidation increases.

Accepted Answer

As exercise intensity increases, the body relies more on glycogen stored in the muscles and liver instead of fat for energy. Therefore, relative fat oxidation decreases.

Question 14

Exercising in the "fat burning zone" is highly recommended because it is the most effective way to lose body fat.

Accepted Answer

Exercising in the "fat burning zone" may burn more fat calories, but it does not necessarily lead to greater overall fat loss. High intensity interval training (HIIT) or weightlifting may be more effective for fat loss because they increase metabolism and build muscle, leading to a higher calorie burn even at rest.

Question 15

At the onset of moderate-intensity, steady state exercise, it may take 10 to 20 minutes for fat oxidation to reach its maximal rate of activity.

Accepted Answer

This is true as it takes time for the body to shift from using primarily carbohydrates for energy to using more fat for energy during exercise.

Question 16

Medium-chain triglyceride supplements have been shown to be effective for increasing the percentage of energy obtained from fat and for sparing muscle glycogen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Medium-chain triglyceride supplements have been shown to...

Question 17

The process of digestion reduces the size of the fat particles and readies them for absorption by the mucosal cells of the intestine.

Accepted Answer

The process of digestion breaks down large fat particles into smaller ones, known as emulsification, which makes them easier for the mucosal cells in the intestine to absorb.

Question 18

Corn oil and safflower oil contain primarily monounsaturated fatty acids.

Accepted Answer

Corn oil and safflower oil contain mostly polyunsaturated fatty acids, not monounsaturated.

Question 19

The omega-3 fatty acids, which have positive effects on immune and inflammation responses, do not operate independently of the omega-6 fatty acids.

Accepted Answer

Both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and are important for human health. However, research suggests that excessive intake of omega-6 fatty acids in relation to omega-3 fatty acids may contribute to the development of inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, it is important to maintain a balance between the consumption of these two types of fatty acids.

Question 20

Caffeine consumption can be an important aspect of endurance exercise training because it enhances the use of fat and spares muscle glycogen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Caffeine consumption can be an important aspect...

Quiz 6: Fats