Question 1

A researcher interested in studying the difference between incomes of men and women would be focused on the ______.

Accepted Answer

The gender wage gap refers to the difference in earnings between men and women. This is the most direct and relevant concept to study when researching income disparities between genders. The other concepts listed (glass ceiling, motherhood penalty, glass escalator) are all related to gender inequality in the workplace, but are not specific to income differences.

Question 2

Alyssa wants to go into politics when she graduates college. She is currently serving in the National Guard and has volunteered on various political campaigns. She takes note that her superiors in the National Guard are all male. She also notices that all the campaigns on which she has worked, and most all political office holders are overwhelmingly male. Alyssa has observed ______ in the culture.

Accepted Answer

Alyssa has observed male-dominance in both the military and political spheres.

Question 3

How does male-dominated differ from male-centered?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Which concept is described as unwanted comments, gestures, and actions forced on a stranger in a public place without their consent and is directed at them because of their sex, gender, gender expression, or sexual orientation?

Accepted Answer

Street harassment is the concept that is described as unwanted comments, gestures, and actions forced on a stranger in a public place without their consent and is directed at them because of their sex, gender, gender expression, or sexual orientation. Rape culture refers to a society that normalizes and trivializes sexual violence. Gender policing is the enforcement of gender norms through social and cultural sanctions. The objectification of women is the act of treating a person as an object or commodity.

Question 5

The executives at Harris Advertising include 10 men and 2 women. Many times, the men get together and attend sporting events to network and discuss what they are working on. The two women executives are generally overlooked without invitations to these networking events. It is assumed that they would not enjoy the sporting events, and therefore there is no effort made to include them. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of gender discrimination, as the women executives are being excluded from networking events purely based on their gender. The assumption that they would not enjoy the sporting events reinforces gender stereotypes and bias.

Question 6

Connor is eight years old. He is a sensitive young boy and cries when he is in distress. Classmates tell him that "boys don't cry" and that he needs to be tough. Connor is experiencing gender oppression at the ______ level.

Accepted Answer

Connor is experiencing gender oppression at the interactional level because the pressure and expectations regarding how he should express his emotions are being directly communicated to him by his classmates through their interactions.

Question 7

Kate works in finance and is one of only a handful of women in her office. She is repeatedly exposed to offensive remarks and "jokes" about women in general. Many times, the "jokes" and remarks are not just offensive but sexual in nature. Kate is experiencing ______.

Accepted Answer

Kate is experiencing sexual harassment, which includes unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that creates a hostile or offensive work environment. The offensive remarks and sexual jokes that she is exposed to on a regular basis would qualify as sexual harassment.

Question 8

Maria is promoted to a supervisory position in her company. She is generally regarded as being aggressive and therefore not liked very much. The other supervisors in the company are just as aggressive as Maria. In fact, they are usually more aggressive with clients than she tends to be. The way that the others see Maria and the other supervisors is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of gender bias because Maria is being judged based on her gender (the stereotype of women being less aggressive than men) rather than her actual behavior. It is not an example of gender discrimination or the gender wage gap because there is no indication that Maria is being treated unfairly in terms of pay or opportunities solely because of her gender. It is also not an example of the gender binary, which refers to the idea that there are only two genders (male and female), as this scenario does not involve any questioning of gender identity or expression.

Question 9

Anita identifies as a woman, and she was born with two X chromosomes. Due to this, Anita is considered ______.

Accepted Answer

Anita identifies as the gender she was assigned at birth, which aligns with her biological sex (having two X chromosomes). Therefore, she is considered cis-gendered.

Question 10

Which concept describes the institutional barriers within a workplace hierarchy that prevent women from advancement?

Accepted Answer

The concept that describes the institutional barriers within a workplace hierarchy that prevent women from advancement is the glass ceiling. The term refers to an invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from reaching the top of the ladder in their profession, despite their qualifications and achievements. It is an example of institutionalized discrimination that limits opportunities for individuals based on their gender or other identities. The glass ceiling is a major obstacle for women in today's workforce and has been widely studied in sociology and business research.

Question 11

Tyler plays on his school's football team. He is also a dedicated fan for both the local college team and professional football team. He also enjoys other sports and follows basketball, soccer, and baseball year round. He notices that there are women's teams in these sports as well, but doesn't see the same emphasis put on attending and following those teams. Tyler has noted that the culture is ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tyler plays on his school's football team....

Question 12

Which concept is described as the dominant belief system about how gender should be organized and practiced?

Accepted Answer

Gender ideology refers to the dominant belief system about how gender should be organized and practiced, including expectations and norms around gender roles and behavior. The gender binary refers to the idea that there are only two genders (male and female), while gender socialization refers to the process by which individuals learn and internalize gender roles and norms. Gender policing refers to the act of enforcing conformity to gender expectations through social pressure or punishment.

Question 13

Anna and Miguel have been friends since grade school. Anna wants to go into business and so she has adopted many personality traits that she thinks will help her such as competitiveness, strength, and bravery. These traits are valued in the overall culture. Miguel would like to become a nurse to help others but his traits of compassion and nurturing are not seen as good characteristics to have if you are male. He is often teased due to these characteristics. This is an example of a ______ culture.

Accepted Answer

This scenario exemplifies a male-identified culture, where the values and traits traditionally associated with masculinity are privileged and considered superior, often at the expense of traits associated with femininity, such as compassion and nurturing, especially in men.

Question 14

Which concept is described as a social construction that we learn through socialization within a specific culture?

Accepted Answer

The concept described is gender, which is a social construct that refers to the expectations and behaviors associated with being male or female and is learned through socialization within a specific culture. Sex, on the other hand, refers to biological differences between males and females. Binary refers to the notion that there are only two genders (male and female), while intersectionality is a concept that explains how multiple social identities intersect and influence an individual's experiences of oppression and privilege.

Question 15

Amber dresses her new baby in pink. She also encourages her baby to express her feelings whatever they may be. Amber has given her baby a ragdoll to hold onto for comfort as well. This illustrates that Amber is already teaching her child to be feminine through ______.

Accepted Answer

Gender socialization is the process of learning the social norms and expectations associated with one's gender. By dressing her baby in pink and providing a ragdoll for comfort, Amber is imparting societal expectations associated with femininity onto her child. This is a common example of gender socialization, which can begin early in a child's life.

Question 16

Which term is used to explain how men experience advantages in pay, promotion, and support when entering into female dominated professions?

Accepted Answer

The term used to explain how men experience advantages in pay, promotion, and support when entering into female dominated professions is the glass escalator. This term suggests that men can effortlessly move up the ranks in these professions while women often face a "glass ceiling" that prevents them from advancing to higher positions.

Question 17

Which concept is described as a form of organization, in which men have higher status than women, providing the foundation for gender inequality?

Accepted Answer

Patriarchal culture is a form of organization in which men are in positions of power and authority, while women occupy subordinate roles. This type of culture provides the foundation for gender inequality, as it reinforces the idea that men are superior to women and should be given more opportunities and privileges. It can be seen in various aspects of society, such as the workplace, government, and family structure.

Question 18

How is gender ideology related to the gender binary?

Accepted Answer

The gender binary refers to the cultural belief that there are only two genders - male and female. This is a commonly held belief in many cultures, including the United States. Gender ideology refers to the attitudes, beliefs, and values that are associated with gender. In the United States and many other cultures, an ideology has been constructed that is gender binary - meaning that there are only two categories of people based on their gender. Therefore, gender ideology is related to the gender binary in that it reinforces and supports the idea that there are only two genders.

Question 19

Which concept is described as social norms, practices, and social institutions condoning men's objectification of and access to women's bodies?

Accepted Answer

Rape culture is a concept that describes social norms, practices, and social institutions that condone men's objectification of and access to women's bodies. It is a culture where sexual violence is normalized and excused, and where victims are blamed and ostracized for speaking out. It includes everything from sexist jokes and objectifying media images to rape myths and victim blaming attitudes.

Question 20

How is becoming a working parent related to the gender wage gap?

Accepted Answer

The motherhood penalty refers to the loss in wages and career opportunities that women experience after becoming mothers, as they may be seen as less committed to their work or may have to take time off to care for their children. This contributes to the gender wage gap, as women's earnings may be lower than men's due to these factors. None of the other choices directly address this issue.

Quiz 4: Examining Gender Inequalities