Question 1

Discuss why stress is often implicated as a factor in cardiovascular disease.Define type A personality; discuss research regarding its validity.

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Question 2

Define and describe the new fields of behavioural medicine and health psychology.What are the differences between them? Why did these specialties not exist previously?

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Question 3

Discuss how psychological factors, including negative cognitions, affect immune system functioning.Give examples of physical conditions that are considered stress related.

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Question 4

Explore how changes in attitudes and lifestyle behaviours contribute to illness and death.Give examples of behaviours that are known to have a negative impact on health.Why are individuals resistant to behavioural change?

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Question 5

Hans Selye described the sequence of stages the body goes through in response to sustained stress.What is this sequence called?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of stages the body goes through in response to sustained stress is called the general adaptation syndrome.

Question 6

Discuss prevention and intervention programs related to medical conditions.What medical conditions and/or behaviours are targeted? Compare injury prevention programs with the more typical information and warnings.

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Question 7

Which term did Bandura use to describe the confidence we have to cope with stress or challenges?

Accepted Answer

Bandura used the term self-efficacy to describe the confidence we have to cope with stress or challenges. Self-efficacy refers to the belief in one's own abilities to manage and overcome difficult situations.

Question 8

Describe the use of biofeedback, meditation, and relaxation techniques in the management of stress-related disorders.Discuss the relative effectiveness of these treatments for stress management and pain relief.

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Question 9

Discuss the role that stress plays in the progression of AIDS and cancer.Give examples of research studies that demonstrate the positive impact of reduced stress levels on these very serious conditions.

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Question 10

Which of the following students is most likely to have a suppressed immune system?

Accepted Answer

Stress, such as that induced by final exams, can suppress the immune system. Having few friends or returning from a relaxing vacation does not necessarily indicate a suppressed immune system.

Question 11

Discuss chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and chronic pain.Relate CFS to the condition known as neurasthenia.What psychological factors are thought to maintain chronic pain?

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Question 12

What happens when the presence of too many helper T cells result in the immune system attacking the body's normal cells rather than the antigens?

Accepted Answer

When the presence of too many helper T cells result in the immune system attacking the body's normal cells rather than the antigens, it can lead to autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system is unable to distinguish between self and non-self cells, leading to the attack and destruction of the body's own cells.

Question 13

Explore the relationship between stress and the immune system.What is the HPA axis? What are stress hormones? Is there a "lab" test to measure stress levels in human beings?

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Question 14

The field of stress physiology began with the research of Hans Selye.Explain how his findings developed into an understanding of the physical impact of stress.

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Quiz 18: The Psychology of Health and Illness