Question 1

What does "malingering" mean?

Accepted Answer

Malingering refers to the act of feigning or exaggerating symptoms, often for personal gain such as avoiding criminal prosecution or obtaining compensation.

Question 2

The rights of people with mental illness in Canada is protected by advocacy efforts and constitutional provisions.One of these rights is the right to treatment in the least restrictive environment possible.What is the other?

Accepted Answer

The right to refuse treatment is another important right for people with mental illness in Canada. This means that individuals have the right to make decisions about their own treatment and care, including the right to refuse medication or other interventions. However, this right may be limited if the individual is deemed incapable of making decisions or if their refusal would result in serious harm to themselves or others.

Question 3

What question was the clinical efficacy axis of the APA clinical practice guidelines designed to answer?

Accepted Answer

The clinical efficacy axis of the APA clinical practice guidelines was designed to answer whether the treatment is effective compared to an alternative treatment or to no treatment in a controlled clinical research setting. It focuses on determining whether the treatment is beneficial for patients and whether it can address their specific needs.

Question 4

What percentage of involuntary patients persist in refusing treatment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of involuntary patients persist in...

Question 5

The court has found that Mounir is currently unable to participate in his own defence.What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

When the court determines that a defendant is currently unable to participate in their own defense, it usually means that they are physically or mentally unable to understand the proceedings or assist their lawyer in a meaningful way. In legal terms, this is often referred to as being unfit to stand trial. The court may order a psychiatric assessment to determine if the defendant is likely to become fit to stand trial in the future.

Question 6

As specified by the U.S.case of Wyatt v.Stickney (1972), the least restrictive conditions for intellectually disabled individuals included several issues.Which of the following is NOT one of these issues?

Accepted Answer

The Wyatt v. Stickney (1972) case emphasized rights to the least restrictive conditions for intellectually disabled individuals, focusing on integration, smaller facilities, and independent living. More structured living is not aligned with the principle of least restrictive conditions, as it may imply more control rather than promoting autonomy and integration.

Question 7

According to the Canadian Criminal Code, which of the following is NOT a requirement for a person assessed as being fit to stand trial?

Accepted Answer

The Canadian Criminal Code requires that for a person to be considered fit to stand trial, they must understand the nature and object of the proceedings, understand the possible consequences of the proceedings, and be able to communicate with counsel. Understanding the nature and moral quality of the act of which they stand accused is not explicitly listed as a requirement for fitness to stand trial in the Canadian Criminal Code.

Question 8

Under the 1985 Canadian Criminal Code, what would happen to a person found not guilty by reason of insanity?

Accepted Answer

Under the 1985 Canadian Criminal Code, a person found not guilty by reason of insanity would be automatically detained in a hospital until his or her mental disorder improved sufficiently to justify release. This was based on the principle of protecting both the individual and the public, ensuring that the person received the necessary treatment.

Question 9

In a Canadian review, Woodworth and colleagues (2003) suggested that forensic community programs are one of the best settings for helping people who are judged to be not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder.Which of the following is NOT a recommendation made by the authors to ensure a successful implementation of such community-based programs?

Accepted Answer

While the authors suggest that community acceptance of the program is important, they do not specify that unanimous acceptance is necessary. They do acknowledge that some resistance may need to be addressed, but ultimately community involvement is necessary for successful implementation. Therefore, option B is not a recommendation made by the authors. The other options (A, C, D) are all recommended by the authors to ensure a successful implementation of community-based programs.

Question 10

What were the two goals of the deinstitutionalization movement in the 1970s and 1980s?

Accepted Answer

The deinstitutionalization movement aimed to downsize or close large mental hospitals and create a network of community mental health services as the two main goals. This was intended to provide more humane treatment for mentally ill individuals while saving money on the expensive maintenance of large mental institutions. It was not primarily focused on returning responsibility for the care of the mentally ill to their families or eliminating the construct of "mental illness."

Question 11

Whereas the clinical efficacy axis of the APA clinical practice guidelines is concerned with effective interventions, what is the clinical utility axis concerned with?

Accepted Answer

The clinical utility axis of the APA clinical practice guidelines is concerned with feasibility and cost-effectiveness of interventions, as opposed to their clinical efficacy or effectiveness. This axis takes into consideration factors such as the resources and training required to implement a particular intervention, patient preferences, and the practicality of using the intervention in different clinical settings.

Question 12

According to your textbook, which of the following is one of the most controversial issues in mental health today?

Accepted Answer

The right of people, even those with severe mental disorders, to refuse treatment is one of the most controversial issues in mental health today. It raises questions about individual autonomy and the role of mental health professionals in determining what is in the best interest of their clients/patients. The other options are also important issues in mental health but are not as widely debated or controversial as the right to refuse treatment.

Question 13

According to Canadian law, who can raise the issue of "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder" (NCRMD) at any time, and who can raise the possibility of NCRMD only after the defendant has been found guilty or after the defence raises the issue of the defendant's mental state?

Accepted Answer

In Canadian law, both the defendant and the prosecution have the ability to raise the issue of "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder" (NCRMD). The defendant can raise this issue at any point, while the prosecution can raise the possibility of NCRMD only after the defendant has been found guilty or after the defence raises the issue of the defendant's mental state.

Question 14

In the 1980s, psychologist David Garner lost his licence to practise psychology in Ontario after he engaged in sexual relations with two clients he was treating.Which ethical principle for psychologists did Garner breach?

Accepted Answer

Garner breached the ethical principle of boundary issues, which refers to maintaining proper and professional boundaries between psychologists and their clients. Engaging in sexual relationships with clients is a clear violation of this principle.

Question 15

In Canada, which of the following establishes the rights of human research participants?

Accepted Answer

The Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS) is the primary document that guides the ethical conduct of research involving humans in Canada. It is a joint policy of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The TCPS sets out the core principles, ethics and guidelines for the conduct of research in Canada.

Question 16

What is a general requirement for civil commitment in all provinces in Canada?

Accepted Answer

The general requirement for civil commitment in all provinces in Canada is dangerousness to self or others. The presence of a mental disorder or a need for treatment may be factors considered in the assessment of dangerousness, but they are not sufficient on their own to warrant civil commitment. A crime having been committed may be a factor in criminal commitment, but civil commitment does not require a criminal offense.

Question 17

Which case is the M'Naghten rule based on?

Accepted Answer

The M'Naghten rule is based on the case of Daniel M'Naghten, who in 1843 attempted to kill the British prime minister's secretary, believing that the government was conspiring against him. The rule determines whether a defendant can be held criminally responsible for their actions by assessing whether they were aware of the nature and quality of their actions, and whether they knew what they were doing was wrong.

Question 18

When can parens patriae power be used to commit individuals with severe mental illness to mental health facilities?

Accepted Answer

Parens patriae power can be used to commit individuals when they cannot secure basic necessities of life, as it is a state's duty to protect those who cannot care for themselves.

Question 19

Arden has agreed to be part of a research study examining the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy at treating schizophrenia.As a research participant, which of the following rights does Arden have?

Accepted Answer

Arden has the right to know the risks and benefits of the research as part of informed consent. The other options are not rights granted to research participants.

Question 20

Dr.McKenzie has developed a new cognitive therapy for the treatment of severe depression.Over the years, he found it to be highly effective on many inpatients in the hospital where he works.However, when his colleague agreed to conduct an outcome assessment of Dr.McKenzie's treatment in a highly ethnically diverse community, she found the effectiveness of the treatment to be highly variable according to ethnicity and whether patients are inpatients or outpatients.According to the APA clinical practice guidelines, what would this procedure be considered low in?

Accepted Answer

The outcome assessment conducted by Dr. McKenzie's colleague found that the effectiveness of the treatment varied according to ethnicity and whether patients were inpatients or outpatients. This suggests that the treatment may not be generalizable to all populations and settings, which is a limitation in external validity or generalizability.

Quiz 17: Legal and Ethical Issues in Mental Health