Question 1

A major study in Sweden was conducted to consider possible preventative strategies for neurocognitive disorder.It included 1810 participants who were older than 65 at the time and followed them for about 13 years.Through medical histories and interviews, what did the study conclude?

Accepted Answer

The study concluded that it is important to control blood pressure, not smoke, and lead a physically and socially active life in order to prevent neurocognitive disorders. There was no mention of genetic counseling or vegetarian diet, and while staying engaged in academically stimulating activities is beneficial, it was not identified as a key preventative strategy in this study.

Question 2

Compared to younger people, what are those over age 65 more likely to experience difficulty with?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to younger people, what are those...

Question 3

Why is the term "organic mental disorder" no longer used to describe cognitive disorders?

Accepted Answer

The term "organic mental disorder" is outdated because research has shown that most psychological disorders have an organic or biological component, making the distinction unnecessary.

Question 4

How does death ultimately occur in victims of neurocognitive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Inactivity in patients with neurocognitive disorder can lead to complications such as pneumonia, which can ultimately result in death.

Question 5

Because older adults in a given cultural group are relieved of the demands of work and care after a certain age, which of the following is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

D  When older adults are relieved of work and care demands, early stages of confusion and memory loss may go undetected due to less engagement in demanding activities. Additionally, physical and mental inactivity can increase vulnerability to neurocognitive disorders.

Question 6

Ms.Martin, an 89-year-old hospital inpatient, has had six room changes in the last two weeks.Considering the results of research into the effects of environmental factors on the cognitive functioning of the hospitalized elderly, what disorder would Ms.Martin likely begin to demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

According to research, frequent changes in the hospital environment can lead to delirium in the elderly. Delirium is a sudden state of severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function that can occur in hospitalized individuals. This is the best choice because Ms. Martin is already a hospital inpatient and has undergone frequent room changes, making her more susceptible to delirium. The other options such as amnestic disorder, neurocognitive disorder, and Alzheimer's disease are long-term cognitive disorders that are not expected to occur suddenly due to environmental factors.

Question 7

What is one possible reason women have a higher prevalence rate for Alzheimer's disease than men?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen has been shown to play a role in protecting the brain from the development of Alzheimer's disease. As women age, they lose estrogen, which may contribute to the higher prevalence rate of the disease in women.

Question 8

If neurocognitive disorder is caused by a process that has damaged the dopamine pathways in Jane's brain, what can we assume is the cause of her neurocognitive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in various functions, including movement and cognition. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to a decrease in dopamine levels and subsequent motor and cognitive impairments. Therefore, if Jane's neurocognitive disorder is caused by damage to her dopamine pathways, Parkinson's disease is the most likely cause.

Question 9

What is one major difference between neurocognitive disorder caused by Alzheimer's disease and neurocognitive impairment caused by depression?

Accepted Answer

Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease is not reversible, whereas neurocognitive impairment caused by depression is generally reversible with treatment.

Question 10

Ted has been admitted to the hospital with delirium.Ted's doctor thinks the delirium was caused by a medication Ted takes.Ted takes several medications.Which medications is the doctor most concerned about?

Accepted Answer

Medications with anticholinergic effects are most commonly associated with delirium in older adults. This includes medications such as antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, and antipsychotics.

Question 11

Tami notes that her mother's Alzheimer's disease symptoms seem to become more pronounced later in the day.What is this phenomenon often referred to as?

Accepted Answer

Sundowner syndrome is a phenomenon where symptoms of Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia become more pronounced in the late afternoon or early evening hours. This term is believed to originate from the idea that changes in natural light and shadows during sunset may increase confusion and agitation in those with dementia.

Question 12

Which individual has the greatest risk of developing neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Education has been linked to a lower risk of developing neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, individuals with less education or those who dropped out of school have a greater risk of developing the disorder.

Question 13

Paul's father has delirium.Paul has two choices, admit his father to the hospital or try to wait out the delirium at home.Which option should Paul choose and why?

Accepted Answer

Admitting his father to the hospital is the best choice because recovery from delirium is associated with better long-term outcomes when treated in the hospital. Additionally, hospitalization can also help reduce the risk of self-harm by the patient during a delirious episode. Waiting out the delirium at home may lead to a higher risk of developing other neurocognitive problems.

Question 14

One theory about the development of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease suggests that the disorder is caused by the formation of solid waxy proteins in the brain.What is this process similar to?

Accepted Answer

Similar to how cholesterol builds up in blood vessels causing cardiovascular disease, solid waxy proteins form in the brain causing neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease. Both processes involve the accumulation of substances in a certain area that can lead to dysfunction and damage over time.

Question 15

Why are the symptoms of vascular neurocognitive disorder so different in each patient?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of vascular neurocognitive disorder are so different in each patient because they are related to the specific area of the brain that has been damaged. Different areas of the brain control different functions, so damage to one area may result in different symptoms than damage to another area.

Question 16

What does glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) do?

Accepted Answer

Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is known to support the survival of dopaminergic neurons in the brain, and has been studied for its potential to preserve and possibly restore neurons in various neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. It is not involved in breaking down amyloid plaques or regulating thyroid hormones.

Question 17

Serge has been admitted to the hospital with delirium brought on by withdrawal from alcohol.What medication will his doctor likely prescribe to help treat the delirium?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Serge has been admitted to the hospital...

Question 18

How is recent research regarding the biological processes and genetic factors associated with neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease best viewed?

Accepted Answer

Recent research regarding the biological processes and genetic factors associated with neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease should be viewed as preliminary findings that need to be studied further. While they are promising and provide new insights, further research is necessary to confirm their validity and potential clinical applications.

Question 19

How are Alzheimer's disease and vascular neurocognitive disorder identified?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease and vascular neurocognitive disorder are identified through clinical evaluations, cognitive tests, and medical imaging. Both disorders share some common symptoms such as memory loss and confusion, but vascular neurocognitive disorder has a more rapid onset compared to Alzheimer's disease. However, the course and outcome of both disorders are similar.

Question 20

Based on known facts about the genetic influences on Alzheimer's disease, it appears that there may be several genetic causes, which may influence the course and age of onset for the disorder.For example, genetic research has found an association between chromosome 14 and chromosome 19 and specific types of Alzheimer's disease.What are these types, respectively?

Accepted Answer

The genetic association between chromosome 14 and early onset Alzheimer's disease has been established, while the association between chromosome 19 and late onset Alzheimer's disease has also been found. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Options A, C, and D are incorrect.

Quiz 16: Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues