Question 1

What is one approach to successfully reducing the frequency of sleep terrors?

Accepted Answer

Using scheduled awakenings to briefly awaken the child before an attack occurs is a commonly recommended approach to reducing the frequency of sleep terrors. This helps to disrupt the sleep cycle and prevent the child from entering the deep sleep stage where the night terrors typically occur. Other approaches, such as making the child overly tired or restricting food intake, have not been shown to be effective in reducing the frequency of sleep terrors. Additionally, waking the child during an attack may actually increase their confusion and disorientation, making it more difficult for them to fall back asleep.

Question 2

What is the relationship between sleep problems and ADHD in children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the relationship between sleep problems...

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT something people with narcolepsy commonly experience?

Accepted Answer

People with narcolepsy commonly experience cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. However, hypnapompic hallucinations are not specifically associated with narcolepsy, although they can occur in some people with sleep disorders.

Question 4

According to the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS, 2014-2015) what percentage of Canadians experienced nighttime insomnia symptoms that lasted at least one year?

Accepted Answer

According to the CHMS, 25% of Canadians experienced nighttime insomnia symptoms that lasted at least one year.

Question 5

Research with Doberman pinschers and Labrador retrievers, who also inherit the disorder, has contributed to specific genetic models of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Both Doberman pinschers and Labrador retrievers inherit narcolepsy, which is a neurological disorder that affects sleep-wake regulation. Research with these breeds has contributed to understanding the specific genetic models of narcolepsy.

Question 6

Cheryl's doctor is sending her home with a wristwatch-sized device to record her arm movements during sleep to determine the length and quality of her sleep.What assessment tool is he using?

Accepted Answer

The wristwatch-sized device that records arm movements during sleep is an actigraph, commonly used as an assessment tool for sleep quality and duration. Polysomnography, electromyography, and electroencephalography are other types of sleep studies that measure brain activity, eye movements, muscle activity, and other physiological factors during sleep.

Question 7

Jones is undergoing therapy for his sleep disorder.During therapy he is instructed to lie in bed and try to stay awake for as long as he can.Which type of therapy would employ this strategy?

Accepted Answer

The strategy of instructing someone with a sleep disorder to try to stay awake as long as they can is known as paradoxical intention. This technique is often used in cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia as a way to reduce performance anxiety and the pressure to fall asleep quickly. Graduated extinction is a behavioral technique used to reduce nighttime awakenings in infants and young children. Cognitive relaxation and progressive relaxation are other types of relaxation techniques used in therapy, but they do not specifically involve trying to stay awake as a means of improving sleep.

Question 8

What does the term "stimulus control" refer to when discussing sleep?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus control refers to creating an environment for sleep that is associated only with sleep and not with other activities such as watching TV or working. This includes using the bedroom only for sleeping and for sex.

Question 9

Children sometimes experience intense episodes of sitting up during deep sleep, appearing frightened, showing signs of extreme arousal, talking, thrashing wildly, and then remembering nothing of the episode the next morning.What do such episodes indicate?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described indicate sleep terrors, also known as night terrors. Sleepwalking may also involve sleep-related motor activity, but typically without the extreme arousal and fearfulness. REM disorders, which involve abnormal behavior during the rapid eye movement stage of sleep, do not typically involve the intense arousal and fear seen in sleep terrors. Nightmare disorder involves frightening dreams that may cause arousal and difficulty returning to sleep, but typically without the physical agitation seen in sleep terrors.

Question 10

How are sleep disorders diagnosed?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are sleep disorders diagnosed?
...

Question 11

Which of the following is it NOT necessary to rule out before a clinician can diagnose hypersomnia?

Accepted Answer

Family history of similar sleep problems is not necessary to rule out before diagnosing hypersomnia. The focus is more on current medical conditions, other sleep disorders like insomnia or sleep apnea that could explain the symptoms, rather than family history.

Question 12

Jack has always been the "early to bed and early to rise" type of person.Which type of circadian rhythm does he demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Jack demonstrates an advanced sleep phase, as he goes to bed and wakes up earlier than the average person.

Question 13

Joe has recently started having a great deal of difficulty falling asleep.In addition, he frequently wakes up during the night and has trouble falling back to sleep once awakened.What has most likely caused Joe's sleep problems?

Accepted Answer

Joe's sleep problems could be caused by either medical or psychological conditions. It is impossible to know for sure without further evaluation and assessment by a healthcare professional.

Question 14

Which individual is most likely to be suffering from obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea is more common in overweight individuals, particularly older males. John fits this profile as a 64-year-old overweight male.

Question 15

Compared to people who sleep normally, what are people who do not get enough sleep most likely to experience?

Accepted Answer

People who do not get enough sleep are more likely to experience health problems such as obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and depression, as well as experience more frequent hospitalization.

Question 16

Which type of treatment has the best long-term success for treating sleep disorders in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Psychological treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, have been shown to be effective in treating sleep disorders in older adults and have the added benefit of reducing the need for medication. Long-term success is often achieved through addressing underlying psychological factors and promoting healthy sleep habits.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a parasomnia?

Accepted Answer

Hypopnea syndrome is a sleep-related breathing disorder, not a parasomnia. The other options (nocturnal eating syndrome, sexsomnia, and somnambulism) are all examples of parasomnias.

Question 18

When are sleep problems considered a disorder?

Accepted Answer

Sleep problems are only considered a disorder when they cause discomfort or impairment in the individual's daily life. While A, B, and C can all be symptoms of sleep disorders, they alone do not necessarily indicate a disorder without the presence of significant distress or functional impairment.

Question 19

What does "sleep hygiene" refer to?

Accepted Answer

Sleep hygiene refers to lifestyle behaviors and habits that can either promote or hinder a good night's sleep. This includes things like regular sleep schedules, avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bed, optimizing the sleep environment, and minimizing the use of technology before sleeping.

Question 20

What is the difference between a bad dream and a nightmare?

Accepted Answer

The main difference between a bad dream and a nightmare is that nightmares awaken the sleeper, while bad dreams do not. Nightmares are often described as more intense and disturbing than bad dreams.

Quiz 10: Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria