Question 1

Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician's waiting room, little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mother's skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of

Accepted Answer

Sandra's clinging behavior to her mother's skirt in the waiting room suggests that she is experiencing insecurity and anxiety in unfamiliar surroundings, which is a common sign of insecure attachment. A child who feels securely attached tends to explore the environment freely, while a child who feels insecurely attached is less likely to explore and may cling to their caregiver. Habituation refers to a decrease in response to a repeated stimulus, egocentrism involves difficulty in understanding other people's perspectives, and accommodation refers to the adjustment of existing schemas to fit new information. None of these concepts directly relate to Sandra's behavior in the waiting room. Sandra's behavior suggests that she is experiencing insecure attachment, meaning she is not comfortable exploring and interacting with unfamiliar surroundings without the presence of her mother. Habituation refers to getting used to a particular stimulus, egocentrism refers to difficulty in seeing things from another person's perspective, and accommodation refers to adapting one's existing mental schemas to incorporate new information. None of these concepts fully explain Sandra's behavior in this scenario.

Question 2

Mr. Hersch triggered a rooting reflex in his infant son by touching him on the

Accepted Answer

The rooting reflex is a natural response in infants that involves turning the head and opening the mouth towards a touch on the cheek or around the mouth area. This reflex helps infants find their mother's nipple and begin breastfeeding. Therefore, Mr. Hersch will trigger the rooting reflex in his infant son by touching him on the cheek. The rooting reflex is a natural reflex that infants have to turn their heads towards the direction of a touch on their cheek or near their mouth. This reflex helps them find their mother's nipple for feeding. Therefore, Mr. Hersch would have triggered the rooting reflex in his infant son by touching him on the cheek.

Question 3

Mr. and Mrs. Batson can't wait to begin toilet training their year-old daughter. The Batsons most clearly need to be informed about the importance of

Accepted Answer

Toilet training requires a certain level of physical and neurological maturation, as well as the ability to maintain bodily control. Therefore, the Batsons should be informed about the importance of waiting until their daughter is physically and neurologically ready for toilet training. Imprinting and object permanence are more related to perceptual and cognitive development, while habituation refers to learning to ignore repeated stimuli. Toilet training requires a certain level of physical and cognitive maturation in children. The ability to control bladder and bowel movements is typically not fully developed until around 18-24 months old. Therefore, the Batsons need to be informed about the importance of waiting for their daughter to reach the appropriate level of physical and cognitive development before beginning toilet training, rather than trying to rush the process prematurely.

Question 4

Just after birth, the cries of newborns bear the intonation of

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that newborns have the ability to recognize the intonation patterns of their mother's native language within the first few days of life. Therefore, the correct answer is D - their mother's native language.

Question 5

Little Karen will approach and play with unfamiliar animals only if her mother first reassures her that it is safe to do so. This best illustrates the adaptive value of

Accepted Answer

Karen's behavior is a clear example of attachment, as she seeks reassurance and safety from her mother before approaching unfamiliar animals. This behavior has adaptive value as it helps to protect the child from potential harm or danger. This scenario illustrates the importance of attachment, which is a strong emotional tie between a child and their caregiver. Little Karen's willingness to approach and play with unfamiliar animals is dependent on her attachment figure (i.e. her mother) providing reassurance and a sense of safety. Attachment facilitates survival and adaptation to the environment by promoting a sense of security and reducing anxiety in potentially threatening situations.

Question 6

Lewis is a 70-year-old retired college professor. In contrast to when he was 30, he now probably

Accepted Answer

Age-related hearing loss, known as presbycusis, is common in older adults. While susceptibility to illness and cognitive decline can also occur with age, it is not necessarily guaranteed.

Question 7

Mrs. Carmichael secretly dabs some lipstick on the nose of her 2-year-old son and then allows him to see his face in a mirror. The child is most likely to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mrs. Carmichael secretly dabs some lipstick on...

Question 8

Most 20-year-olds outperform most 70-year-olds on video games due to age-related differences in

Accepted Answer

Age-related declines in information-processing speed can affect cognitive abilities, including reaction time and spatial awareness, which are crucial for success in video games. Role confusion, object permanence, and infantile amnesia are not directly related to video game performance. Age-related cognitive decline typically affects information-processing speed, which can lead to slower reaction times and decreased performance in tasks that require quick thinking, such as video games. Choices A, B, and C have no significant relationship to video game performance.

Question 9

Many researchers believe that adult styles of romantic love correspond with childhood patterns of

Accepted Answer

Attachment theory postulates that the types of attachment styles exhibited in childhood with primary caregivers shape a person's attachment style in adulthood, which can have a significant impact on their adult romantic relationships. Attachment theory suggests that childhood patterns of attachment with primary caregivers influence adult romantic relationships. This theory proposes that a secure attachment style in childhood leads to the development of a secure attachment style in adulthood, while an insecure attachment style in childhood can result in various forms of insecure attachment in adulthood, such as anxious or avoidant attachment styles. Therefore, adult styles of romantic love correspond with childhood patterns of attachment.

Question 10

Marlys is a sensitive, responsive parent who consistently satisfies the needs of Sara, her infant daughter. According to Erikson, Sara is likely to

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development proposes that successful completion of the first stage, trust versus mistrust, leads to the development of a basic sense of trust in the world and others. Marlys's sensitive and responsive parenting is likely to lead Sara to feel that her needs are consistently met, which would promote the development of trust. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the first stage is trust versus mistrust, occurring from birth to approximately 18 months. During this stage, infants develop a sense of trust when their needs are consistently met by their caregivers. Marlys' sensitive and responsive parenting is likely to foster a sense of trust in Sara, which will translate into a lifelong attitude of basic trust toward the world. Option B is incorrect because egocentrism is a limitation of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, not Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Option C is also incorrect because Erikson's theory emphasizes the importance of forming a bond with at least one consistent caregiver, not necessarily the father. Lastly, option D is incorrect because formal operational intelligence is not achieved until adolescence, which is not within the scope of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.

Question 11

Juanita suffers from a painful back condition. Smoking marijuana would reduce her pain, but she thinks it would be wrong because it is prohibited by the laws of her state. Juanita is demonstrating Kohlberg's ________ level of morality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Juanita suffers from a painful back condition....

Question 12

Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is called

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the process of interpreting new experiences by incorporating them into existing mental schemas or frameworks. This allows new information to be easily understood and integrated into a person's understanding of the world. Assimilation is the process of interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas. Egocentrism is the tendency to view the world from one's own perspective, imprinting is the process by which some animals form attachments during a critical period in early life, and accommodation is the adjustment of existing schemas to fit new experiences.

Question 13

Many people would find it more morally repulsive to kill someone by thrusting a knife into his or her body than by shooting him or her with a gun from a distance. This is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

Haidt's intuitionist perspective suggests that moral judgments are often made based on intuitive emotional reactions rather than strictly rational considerations. The act of thrusting a knife into someone's body may elicit a stronger emotional reaction and thus be viewed as more morally repulsive than shooting someone from a distance. This is consistent with the idea that moral judgments are often based on quick, automatic emotional reactions rather than deliberate reasoning. Haidt's intuitionist perspective focuses on the idea that our moral judgments are primarily based on intuitive, emotional responses rather than conscious reasoning. In this case, the visceral and immediate nature of using a knife to kill someone may elicit stronger emotional reactions, leading to a greater sense of moral repulsion compared to using a gun from a distance.

Question 14

Menopause refers to

Accepted Answer

Menopause refers to the natural process in which menstruation permanently stops in women, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55. Menopause refers to the end of a woman's reproductive cycle, which is marked by the cessation of menstruation.

Question 15

Maturation refers to

Accepted Answer

Maturation primarily refers to biological growth processes that occur in a predictable sequence and are relatively uninfluenced by experience. Examples include the development of motor skills, hormonal changes during puberty, and the growth of the brain. While socialization and learned behavior do accompany maturation, they are not the primary focus of the concept. Maturation refers to the biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience. It includes physical, cognitive, and emotional changes that occur as a person develops from infancy through old age.

Question 16

Mr. Lambers refuses to pay income taxes because his conscience will not allow him to support a government that spends billions of dollars on military weapons. Mr. Lambers' reasoning best illustrates Kohlberg's ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's postconventional stage involves reasoning based on abstract principles and values rather than just following laws or social norms. Mr. Lambers is making a decision based on his personal values and conscience, which is characteristic of the postconventional stage. Postconventional moral reasoning is centered on individual rights and values, with an emphasis on abstract reasoning and universal ethical principles. Mr. Lambers' decision to refuse to pay taxes due to a moral objection to government spending closely aligns with the postconventional stage.

Question 17

Mrs. Pearson cut Judy's hot dog into eight pieces and Sylvia's into six pieces. Sylvia cried because she felt she wasn't getting as much hot dog as Judy. Piaget would say that Sylvia doesn't understand the principle of

Accepted Answer

The principle of conservation refers to the understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same even if it changes in shape or arrangement. In this scenario, Sylvia does not comprehend this principle because she assumes that having fewer pieces means she has less hot dog. The principle of conservation refers to the understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same even when its appearance or arrangement changes. In this scenario, Sylvia is focused on the number of pieces rather than the actual amount of hot dog she has, indicating a lack of understanding of conservation.

Question 18

Most children who experience parental neglect or abuse manage to have socially meaningful and productive lives. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most children who experience parental neglect or...

Question 19

Marie feels socially useful in her career as a financial investment advisor. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Marie experiences a sense of

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development suggests that in middle adulthood, individuals strive to achieve a sense of generativity, which involves feeling productive and making a positive impact on others and society. Marie's career as a financial investment advisor allows her to help others manage their money and make sound financial decisions, which likely gives her a sense of fulfillment and purpose.

Question 20

Nageeb thought all nurses were young females until a middle-aged male nurse took care of him. Nageeb's altered conception of a "nurse" illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

Accommodation is the process of changing an existing schema or mental concept to incorporate new information that cannot be assimilated into existing schema. Nageeb had a pre-existing schema or mental image of what a nurse looks like (young female), but this mental image was accommodated or altered when he encountered a middle-aged male nurse, and he had to change his schema to include this new information. Accommodation is the process of modifying existing schemas or creating new schemas to incorporate new information that does not fit with existing schemas. In this case, Nageeb's existing schema of a "nurse" was that they were young females, but when he encountered a middle-aged male nurse, he had to accommodate to this new information and modify his schema.

Quiz 5: Sensation