Question 1

Research regarding depression indicates that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research regarding depression indicates that
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Question 2

Research on the causes of schizophrenia strongly suggests that

Accepted Answer

Research has identified a strong genetic component to schizophrenia, as individuals with a first-degree relative with the disorder are at a significantly higher risk of developing it themselves. While environmental factors can contribute to the onset and progression of schizophrenia, they do not cause the disorder on their own. The role of neurotransmitters like serotonin in schizophrenia is still an area of active research, but there is no clear evidence to suggest a deficiency in this neurotransmitter specifically. Finally, while adopted children may be more likely to develop schizophrenia if their adoptive parents have the disorder, the risk is still considerably lower than if their biological parents had it. While environmental factors can influence the development of schizophrenia, such as prenatal exposure to viruses, research consistently suggests that there is a significant genetic component to the disorder. Studies of families, twins, and adopted individuals have all demonstrated a higher risk of developing schizophrenia if there is a family history of the disorder.

Question 3

Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Sadie's fear of going outside and being overwhelmed by anxiety is typical of agoraphobia, which is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by a fear of situations that might cause panic, helplessness, or embarrassment. The fear can be so intense that the individual may avoid going to certain places or doing certain activities altogether.

Question 4

Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from

Accepted Answer

Rishi's symptoms suggest that he may have generalized anxiety disorder, which is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry and fear about various events or activities. This disorder often involves physical symptoms such as increased heart rate, sweating, and trembling. Bipolar disorder involves mood swings and episodes of depression and mania. Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves repetitive thoughts and behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety. A phobia involves intense fear and avoidance of specific objects or situations.

Question 5

Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. However, ________ occurs worldwide.

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia occurs worldwide, although diagnosis and treatment may vary across cultures. Dissociative identity disorder is thought to be primarily a Western culture phenomenon. Anorexia nervosa is more common in Western cultures, but is becoming more prevalent in other cultures due to globalization and Western cultural influence. Susto is a specific culture-bound syndrome found primarily in Latin American cultures. Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder that occurs worldwide. It affects individuals from all cultures, races, and ethnicities. While cultural factors can influence the expression and interpretation of symptoms, the prevalence of schizophrenia is relatively consistent across different countries and regions. In contrast, other disorders such as dissociative identity disorder and susto are more culture-bound and often have specific cultural meanings and interpretations. Anorexia nervosa is more prevalent in Western cultures but also occurs in other parts of the world.

Question 6

Psychologists are LEAST likely to suggest that ________ contribute(s) to the development of schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Neglectful child-rearing practices may have a negative impact on a child's mental health, but psychologists generally do not suggest that they alone contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Instead, schizophrenia is believed to have complex causes, including genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental factors. While childhood experiences may play a role in the development of some mental health disorders, psychologists generally do not believe that neglectful child-rearing practices are a direct cause of schizophrenia. Research has suggested that factors such as genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental stressors may all contribute to the development of this disorder.

Question 7

Professor Pott emphasizes that normal depression serves an adaptive function by slowing people down and preventing them from engaging in life-threatening behaviors. The professor's emphasis best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The emphasis on how normal depression serves an adaptive function indicates an evolutionary perspective, which focuses on how various behaviors and mental processes have developed and changed over time through natural selection. The emphasis on depression serving an adaptive function and its role in promoting survival aligns with the evolutionary perspective.

Question 8

Some studies suggest that an anxiety gene affects the brain's level of the neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that affects mood, and low levels of serotonin have been linked to anxiety and depression. Some studies have suggested that a specific gene variant affects serotonin levels in the brain, which in turn can contribute to the development of anxiety disorders. Studies suggest that an anxiety gene affects the brain's level of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and anxiety. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward, epinephrine is associated with the body's "fight or flight" response, and acetylcholine is involved in muscle movement and memory.

Question 9

Schizophrenia is associated with an excess of receptors for

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is primarily associated with an excess of dopamine receptors in the brain, leading to an overactive dopamine system. This is one of the theories behind the development of the disorder, and medications used to treat schizophrenia often target dopamine receptors to help balance the levels of dopamine in the brain. Schizophrenia is strongly associated with an overactivity of dopamine pathways in the brain, and an excess of dopamine receptors. This is supported by the fact that antipsychotic medications, which alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia, work by blocking dopamine receptors.

Question 10

Rats that received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders may result from

Accepted Answer

The rats in this experiment developed anxiety in response to the laboratory setting due to classical conditioning. The unpredictable electric shocks they received were the unconditioned stimulus, which naturally produced fear or anxiety. The laboratory setting became associated with the shocks, leading to the laboratory setting becoming the conditioned stimulus that triggered the anxiety response in the rats.

Question 11

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible, enduring, and socially maladaptive behavior patterns are called ________ disorders.

Accepted Answer

The description given in the question matches the definition of personality disorders, which are characterized by long-standing, maladaptive patterns of behavior and thought that lead to significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. Acute, free-floating, and reactive disorders do not fit this description. Personality disorders are characterized by enduring patterns of behavior that deviate from cultural norms and cause significant impairment in social, occupational, or personal functioning. They are often inflexible and resistant to change, and can cause distress for the individual experiencing them as well as for those around them. Examples include borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder.

Question 12

Repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ________ as repeatedly washing your hands is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Repeatedly thinking about one's own death is an obsession, which is a type of intrusive and unwanted thought. Repeatedly washing one's hands is a compulsion, which is a repetitive behavior aimed at reducing anxiety or distress, but interferes with daily life.

Question 13

Professor McIntosh emphasizes that depression often involves the interactive influences of self-focused rumination, rejection from others, and low serotonin levels. The professor's emphasis best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The professor's emphasis on the interactive influences of self-focused rumination, rejection from others, and low serotonin levels illustrates a biopsychosocial approach, which acknowledges that depression may result from multiple factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors. The medical model focuses solely on biological factors, while the learning perspective emphasizes the role of environmental influences in shaping behavior. Linkage analysis is a statistical method used to identify genetic linkages in complex traits and diseases, but it is not directly relevant to the professor's emphasis on the interactive influences of depression. The professor's emphasis on the interaction between psychological (self-focused rumination and rejection from others) and biological (low serotonin levels) factors in depression reflects a biopsychosocial approach, which recognizes the complex interplay among biological, psychological, and social factors in the development and maintenance of mental disorders. The medical model focuses primarily on diagnosing and treating illnesses based on biological factors, while the learning perspective emphasizes the role of environmental influences and experiences in shaping behavior. Linkage analysis is a genetic research method used to identify the specific genes associated with a particular disorder.

Question 14

Sluggishness and inactivity are most likely to be associated with

Accepted Answer

Sluggishness and inactivity are common symptoms of major depressive disorder, which is characterized by persistent low mood, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and loss of interest or pleasure in most activities.

Question 15

Schizophrenia is most likely to be characterized by

Accepted Answer

Disorganized and fragmented thinking are major symptoms of schizophrenia, including disordered speech, disorganized behavior, and trouble with thought processes. Lack of guilt feelings and periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence are not consistent symptoms of schizophrenia, and although individuals with schizophrenia may experience mood swings, these typically do not alternate between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.

Question 16

Schizophrenia is said to be chronic when

Accepted Answer

The answer of Schizophrenia is said to be chronic when
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Question 17

Some people are more vulnerable to PTSD because they have a sensitive ________, which floods the body with stress hormones.

Accepted Answer

The limbic system, which includes the amygdala and hippocampus, plays a key role in regulating emotions and stress responses. Individuals with a sensitive limbic system may have an exaggerated fear response to traumatic events, leading to the development of PTSD. This response triggers the release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which can further exacerbate symptoms of PTSD. The limbic system is responsible for regulating emotions and stress responses, including the release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. Individuals with a sensitive or overactive limbic system may be at increased risk for developing PTSD in response to traumatic events. The other choices are not directly related to the stress response and would not be as likely to contribute to vulnerability to PTSD.

Question 18

Researchers have suggested that the role-playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to the leading questions of therapists has often contributed to

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the role-playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to leading questions from therapists can lead to the creation of false memories and even the development of dissociative identity disorder. This is because such patients can be highly suggestible, and their active imaginations can cause them to create elaborate narratives in response to suggestive questioning.

Question 19

Some psychologists believe that due partly to a broader definition of trauma, mental health professionals have been overdiagnosing

Accepted Answer

Some psychologists believe that due to a broader definition of trauma, mental health professionals have been overdiagnosing PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). The criteria for PTSD now include events such as witnessing or hearing about traumatic events, rather than just experiencing them firsthand, which may lead to an increase in diagnoses.

Question 20

Rates of non-suicidal self-injury in the United States are highest among

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rates of non-suicidal self-injury in the United...

Quiz 15: Personality