Question 1

Luigi minimized the stress of testing positive for HIV by viewing this circumstance as an opportunity for a renewed religious commitment and spiritual growth. His reaction best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

Luigi's reaction reflects his appraisal of the stressor (testing positive for HIV) as an opportunity for growth and religious commitment. This highlights the importance of stress appraisal in determining an individual's response to stressors. Luigi's reaction to testing positive for HIV demonstrates stress appraisal, which refers to the cognitive process of interpreting and evaluating a potentially stressful situation. Luigi was able to view this circumstance as an opportunity for growth, a positive appraisal that likely helped to minimize his stress levels.

Question 2

One study of migraine headache patients found that the majority of those who received "sham acupuncture" enjoyed relief. The patients' pain relief is most likely attributable to

Accepted Answer

The patients in the study received "sham acupuncture," meaning they did not receive true acupuncture treatment. Therefore, it is unlikely that the relief they experienced was due to an actual physiological change. Rather, their relief is most likely attributable to the placebo effect. The sham acupuncture likely had no actual physiological effect on the patients' pain, but their belief that they were receiving a treatment that could help them led to a placebo effect, where their symptoms improved due to their expectations rather than any active ingredient in the treatment.

Question 3

Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty while he was taking a difficult test, Harley concluded that he was "anxious." Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty when an attractive lady asked him to dance, Harley concluded that he was "falling in love." The differing emotions experienced by Harley can best be explained by the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Noticing that his heart was pounding and...

Question 4

Mildly depressed female college students assigned to a program of ________ reported a greater decrease in depression than those assigned to a program of ________.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that aerobic exercise can be an effective way to decrease symptoms of depression, while relaxation exercises may not have as much of an impact on reducing depression symptoms. Hence, college students assigned to a program of aerobic exercise reported a greater decrease in depression than those assigned to a program of relaxation exercises. The question suggests that the intervention is focused on reducing depression in mildly depressed female college students. Research has shown that exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, is effective at reducing symptoms of depression. Relaxation exercises, on the other hand, may be helpful in reducing stress and anxiety but may not be as effective in treating depression. Therefore, option C - aerobic exercise; relaxation exercises - is the best choice for an effective intervention for reducing depression in mildly depressed female college students.

Question 5

In their dispute over the role of cognition in emotion, both Zajonc and Lazarus agree that

Accepted Answer

Both Zajonc and Lazarus acknowledge that some emotional reactions can occur without conscious thinking. However, they differ in their views on the extent of the role of cognition in emotional processing. Both Zajonc and Lazarus agree that some emotional reactions can occur without conscious thinking or cognitive appraisal. This position is known as the non-cognitive theory of emotion, which posits that some emotions are triggered automatically and do not involve conscious thought or interpretation.

Question 6

Lymphocytes are

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes are white blood cells that play a crucial role in the body's immune system. They are responsible for identifying and attacking foreign substances such as viruses, bacteria, and cancer cells. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that are integral to the body's immune system, playing a critical role in identifying and fighting off infection and disease.

Question 7

It has been suggested that baring the teeth is universally associated with the expression of anger because this ability to convey threats has helped humans to survive. This suggestion best illustrates the

Accepted Answer

The suggestion that baring teeth is universally associated with expressing anger due to its adaptive value in helping humans survive supports an evolutionary perspective, which emphasizes the role of natural selection in shaping human behavior and traits. The other options do not fit with this explanation. The suggestion that baring teeth is universally associated with the expression of anger because it has helped humans to survive is an example of the evolutionary perspective. This perspective focuses on how inherited genetic tendencies have evolved over time to promote survival and reproduction.

Question 8

Logan is an unsuccessful businessman who feels little satisfaction with life. To

Accepted Answer

Imagining what life might be like with a fatal disease can increase gratitude and appreciation for one's current situation, thereby enhancing subjective well-being.

Question 9

Increased activity in the right prefrontal cortex is to ________ as increased activity in the left frontal lobe is to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increased activity in the right prefrontal cortex...

Question 10

In which country are people most likely to convey visible facial expressions of their inner feelings?

Accepted Answer

According to a study by psychologists from the University of California, San Francisco, Australia is the country where people are most likely to convey visible facial expressions of their inner feelings. This may be due to cultural influences and societal norms that encourage open emotional expression. Australians are generally known to be expressive with their emotions and use visible facial expressions to convey their inner feelings. In contrast, cultures such as China, Japan, and India tend to place a higher value on nonverbal cues and indirect communication, making them less likely to display visible expressions of emotion.

Question 11

Lee was momentarily terrified as a passing automobile nearly sideswiped his car. When one of his passengers joked that he almost had a two-color car, Lee laughed uncontrollably. Lee's emotional volatility best illustrates the

Accepted Answer

The spillover effect suggests that one's emotions from one situation can spill over into another situation. In this case, Lee's fear from almost getting into an accident spilled over into uncontrollable laughter at the passenger's joke. The spillover effect suggests that arousal in one situation can carry over and affect emotions in another situation. In this case, Lee's fear and agitation from the close call with the automobile spilled over into his laughter, making it uncontrollable.

Question 12

Men and women students watched film clips that were sad, happy, or frightening. Measures taken during their viewing of films showed that the genders differed the most in their

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that men and women differ the most in their facial expressions of emotion. Women tend to display more facial expressions of emotion compared to men, who tend to suppress or mask their emotions. Therefore, it is likely that the genders differed the most in their facial expressions of emotion while watching the film clips. The article states that "gender differences in facial expressions of emotion were more pronounced than physiological responses" during the viewing of the film clips. Therefore, the correct answer is C) facial expressions of emotion.

Question 13

Most recent participants reported feeling more happy than sad after rubberbands secured to the sides of their faces were stretched over the tops of their heads. Their reactions best illustrated

Accepted Answer

The participants' more positive emotions after the rubberbands were stretched over their heads suggest the facial feedback effect, which proposes that facial expressions can influence emotions. The participants' feeling of happiness after the rubber bands were secured to the sides of their faces and stretched over the tops of their heads suggests the facial feedback effect, which proposes that facial expressions can influence emotional experience.

Question 14

Jed wants his roommate Dante to help him study for a physics test. Dante is most likely to want to help after he has

Accepted Answer

Dante is more likely to want to help after he has received an A on his psychology test, as this would boost his confidence and make him feel capable of assisting with studying. The other options do not necessarily have a direct impact on his willingness to help with physics studying. Dante is most likely feeling confident and successful after receiving an A on his psychology test, and therefore may be more willing to help Jed with his physics test. The other options (A, C, and D) all involve negative or stressful experiences that would likely decrease Dante's willingness to help.

Question 15

Our most rapid and automatic emotional responses may result from the routing of sensory input through the thalamus directly to the

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is the brain structure that is responsible for processing and regulating emotions, especially fear and aggression. It receives sensory inputs from various sources, including the thalamus, and can generate automatic emotional responses before our conscious awareness. Therefore, routing sensory input through the thalamus directly to the amygdala can result in rapid and automatic emotional responses. The amygdala is known to be the brain structure most involved in processing emotions, particularly those related to fear and aggression. The thalamus is a key relay center for sensory information, and research has shown that certain sensory inputs (such as those related to vision and audition) can be routed directly from the thalamus to the amygdala without conscious awareness, leading to rapid and automatic emotional responses.

Question 16

Mentally rehearsing resentments contributes to ________ perspiration levels and ________ blood pressure levels than mentally rehearsing forgiveness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mentally rehearsing resentments contributes to ________ perspiration...

Question 17

One way for people to improve their own subjective well-being is to

Accepted Answer

Participating in regular aerobic exercise has been shown to have numerous benefits for subjective well-being, including reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, improving mood, and increasing self-esteem. Focusing more attention on oneself and overestimating one's abilities may lead to short-term boosts in confidence but may also have negative consequences in the long run. Research has shown that regular exercise has a significant positive effect on subjective well-being. Focusing too much attention on oneself and overestimating one's abilities can actually have a negative effect on well-being. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 18

In their classic nine-year study, Friedman and Rosenman reported that, compared with Type A men, Type B men were

Accepted Answer

Friedman and Rosenman reported that Type B men were less susceptible to heart attacks compared to Type A men. Friedman and Rosenman's classic nine-year study found that Type A men were more likely to develop heart disease, while Type B men were less susceptible to heart attacks.

Question 19

One possible explanation for the longer life expectancy of religiously active people is that

Accepted Answer

Religious communities often provide a strong social support network, which has been linked to better health outcomes, including longer life expectancy. Religious individuals often have strong social networks and receive social support from their communities, which has been linked to better health outcomes and longer life expectancies.

Question 20

Israelis living in nonreligious collective settlements were observed to have ________ than those living in religiously orthodox collective settlements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Israelis living in nonreligious collective settlements were...

Quiz 12: Motivation and Work