Question 1

Children with disabilities need only be put in the same environment with children without disabilities for peer imitation to occur.

Accepted Answer

While peer imitation can occur when children with disabilities are put in the same environment with children without disabilities, it is not guaranteed. It is important to provide support and opportunities for interaction and socialization among all children to enhance the likelihood of peer imitation and social skill development for children with disabilities.

Question 2

When a child is avoided by other children because he or she is aggressive, an example of which one of the following is evident?

Accepted Answer

When a child is aggressive and other children avoid him or her, the natural consequence is that the child is left without playmates. This is a direct result of the child's behavior, and it is an example of a natural consequence - one that is inherent in the situation and is not imposed by someone else.

Question 3

According to Piaget's categories of play, the game of taking things out and putting things in is

Accepted Answer

Piaget classifies taking things out and putting things in as practice play because this type of play involves repeated actions and movements aimed at developing physical abilities and coordination, rather than symbolic or imaginative elements. It is considered as one of the earliest forms of play in infants and toddlers, as they explore their environment and learn how different objects fit into one another or into spaces.

Question 4

Around the age of 30 months, children begin to think about and understand the logical connections between ideas

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, around 30 months (or 2.5 years), children enter the preoperational stage where they begin to develop logical thinking skills and understand cause-and-effect relationships between ideas.

Question 5

A time in the school routine when children with disabilities are most likely to become frustrated is

Accepted Answer

Transition time can be particularly challenging for children with disabilities as it requires a change in focus, requires organization, and may involve unexpected delays or changes in routine. The ability to smoothly transition from one activity to another can greatly affect a child's success in the classroom. Arriving at school, snack time, and dismissal time may also present challenges for some children with disabilities, but transition time is generally considered the most difficult.

Question 6

Loud, lively music can be upsetting for children who have difficulty with control.

Accepted Answer

Children who have difficulty with control may become more agitated in response to loud, lively music, making it a potential source of distraction or distress for them.

Question 7

According to Greenspan's model of affective development, when do healthy infants develop the ability to regulate their internal state (homeostasis) in ways that allow them to attend to the world around them?

Accepted Answer

According to Greenspan's model of affective development, healthy infants develop the ability to regulate their internal state (homeostasis) in ways that allow them to attend to the world around them from birth to three months.

Question 8

The onset of ADHD is before the age of 5.

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-5 criteria, symptoms of ADHD must have been present before the age of 12 and typically onset before the age of 7. However, recent research suggests that symptoms can manifest as early as age 3.

Question 9

Logical consequences must be directly related to adult expectations.

Accepted Answer

Logical consequences are consequences that are directly related to the behavior that is being addressed and are intended to help the person learn from their actions. For them to be effective, they must be directly related to the adult's expectations of behavior.

Question 10

Which of the following may not be a useful way to help a child improve his or her self-control?

Accepted Answer

Although it is important to respond to and correct disruptive behavior, focusing solely on punishment and correction may not be the most effective way to improve a child's self-control. It is also important to provide positive reinforcement for good behavior, teach coping mechanisms for frustration, and create a supportive and structured environment.

Question 11

Research indicates that punishment

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that punishment can have negative side effects, such as increasing aggression and resentment towards the punisher, and not necessarily leading to long-term behavior change. While punishment can be effective in the short-term, it should be used judiciously and with attention paid to potential negative consequences. Avoiding punishment altogether is not necessarily the most effective approach, as consequences and accountability are important for promoting positive behavior, but alternate approaches to discipline and behavior management should also be employed.

Question 12

According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, when do children begin to develop a conscience?

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson, children begin to develop a conscience during the stage of initiative versus guilt, which occurs between the ages of three and six. This is when children become more aware of social rules and expectations and begin to understand the impact of their actions on others.

Question 13

Infants will begin to become attached to their primary care-givers at the age of 9-18 months.

Accepted Answer

Infants can show signs of attachment as early as 6 months of age, and the process of attachment development often begins even earlier, with strong attachments forming by the age of 9-12 months.

Question 14

Ainsworth described an infant who greeted his or her parent after a period of separation with physical contact and a smile as

Accepted Answer

Ainsworth's concept of secure attachment is characterized by an infant who is comfortable exploring the environment, using their parent as a safe base, and greeting them warmly after a period of separation. The infant's physical contact and smile upon reunion indicate that they have a positive and trusting relationship with their parent, which is a hallmark of secure attachment.

Question 15

Most children fall within the "easy" category: adaptable, approachable, and positive in mood.

Accepted Answer

According to research, the majority of children do fall within the "easy" category, which is characterized by adaptability, approachability, and positive mood.

Question 16

A child is born with a particular temperament. It cannot be changed in any way.

Accepted Answer

While a child is born with a particular temperament, environmental factors, parenting styles, and life experiences can influence and modify a person's behavior and reactions over time.

Question 17

One effective way to work with children who are reluctant to participate is to

Accepted Answer

Coupling attention with something pleasant can help motivate reluctant children to participate. For example, offering praise or a small reward after they participate in an activity may encourage them to continue participating in the future. It is important to avoid forcing children to participate, as this can create negative associations with the activity and reduce their motivation to participate voluntarily. Ignoring them or seating them where they cannot see the activity may further decrease their interest and motivation to participate.

Question 18

When should "signal interference" be used with children who are impulsive?

Accepted Answer

Signal interference should be used before the behavior begins to prevent impulsive actions. By providing a signal or cue, such as a visual reminder, the child can pause and think before acting impulsively. Using signal interference during or after a tantrum may not be effective as the child may not be able to process the signal at that moment.

Question 19

Positive peer interactions for children with disabilities and/or social delays may not develop without specific interventions from the caregiver.

Accepted Answer

Children with disabilities and/or social delays may require specific interventions and support from caregivers in order to develop positive peer interactions. Without these interventions, they may struggle to develop social skills and may face challenges in forming and maintaining relationships with peers.

Question 20

A strong, positive attachment to a primary caregiver appears to be the key to the development of a healthy personality.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that a secure attachment to a primary caregiver is essential for healthy personality development, including the ability to form trust, regulate emotions, and develop positive interpersonal relationships.

Quiz 6: Promoting Emotional and Social Development