Question 1

How does Fra Andrea Pozzo create the illusion of Heaven opening above the heads of the congregation in the church of Sant'Ignazio?

Accepted Answer

Fra Andrea Pozzo created the illusion of Heaven opening above the heads of the congregation in the church of Sant'Ignazio by illusionistically continuing the church's actual architecture into the vault so the roof seems to be lifting off. This technique is known as di sotto in su, where the viewer is compelled to look up at the ceiling and experience an illusion of depth and space.

Question 2

Which of the following artists most influenced the work of Artemisia Gentileschi?

Accepted Answer

Artemisia Gentileschi was heavily influenced by the work of Caravaggio, particularly his use of dramatic lighting and realistic depictions of human emotions and physicality. She was also likely influenced by the fact that Caravaggio was a fellow Italian artist who faced criticism and controversy during his lifetime, as Gentileschi experienced similar challenges as a female artist in a male-dominated field.

Question 3

Which of the following works by Bernini illustrates his mastery of perspective in architecture?

Accepted Answer

Scala Regia is a grand staircase in the Vatican that Bernini designed to create an illusion of greater height and depth through the use of converging lines and changing perspectives.

Question 4

The ceiling fresco for Gran Salone in the Palazzo Barberini in Rome is a visual eulogy to the family. The papal tiara and keys seen in the fresco announce the personal triumph of a family member. Who is that family member?

Accepted Answer

The Palazzo Barberini in Rome was built for the Barberini family, and the ceiling fresco in the Gran Salone was commissioned by Pope Urban VIII, who was a member of the Barberini family himself. The papal tiara and keys seen in the fresco are a symbol of his personal triumph as pope, making choice D, Urban VIII, the correct answer.

Question 5

Which of the following Renaissance churches influenced Maderno's design for Santa Susanna in Rome?

Accepted Answer

Maderno was heavily influenced by Il Gesù, the mother church of the Jesuits in Rome, when designing Santa Susanna. The facade of Santa Susanna is similar to Il Gesù, with a two-story arrangement and dynamic rhythms in the decoration.

Question 6

One of the distinctive qualities of Francesco Borromini's architecture, visible in the façade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, is ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the distinctive qualities of Francesco...

Question 7

Bernini's statue of David differs from previous generations of this depiction. His David seems to be moving through time and space. Which of the following would support this description?

Accepted Answer

Bernini's David is depicted in a dynamic, twisting pose, capturing the moment of action, which suggests movement through space and time.

Question 8

As part of his training in art Annibale Carracci received instruction in the classical and Renaissance traditions as well as anatomy studies and life drawing. Which of the following styles would describe the style of Carracci?

Accepted Answer

The answer of As part of his training in art...

Question 9

José de Ribera was most strongly influenced by the work of which of the following artists?

Accepted Answer

José de Ribera was most strongly influenced by the work of Caravaggio, who was known for his dramatic use of light and dark, a technique called chiaroscuro. Ribera's own work similarly features strong contrasts of light and dark and the use of realism to depict his subjects.

Question 10

Which of the following were among the founding members of the Bolognese Academy of Art?

Accepted Answer

The Carracci, specifically Annibale, Agostino, and Ludovico, were among the founding members of the Bolognese Academy of Art in 1582. The Farnese were a noble family who were patrons of the arts in Renaissance Italy, but not specifically involved in the founding of this academy. Caravaggisti were followers of the artist Caravaggio, who emerged as a movement after the founding of the academy. Fra Andrea Pozzo was a Baroque painter and architect who lived later, in the 17th century, and was not one of the founding members.

Question 11

The gallery ceiling in the Palazzo Farnese in Rome was arranged as framed easel paintings. Who was the artist?

Accepted Answer

The artist who arranged the gallery ceiling in the Palazzo Farnese as framed easel paintings was Annibale Carracci.

Question 12

Which of the following influenced Paul V's decision to convert the central plan of Saint Peter's into a basilican plan through the addition of a nave?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following influenced Paul V's...

Question 13

How does the Surrender of Breda glorify Spanish military authority?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the Surrender of Breda glorify...

Question 14

How does the Martyrdom of Saint Philip reflect Spanish taste?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the Martyrdom of Saint Philip...

Question 15

Caravaggio's Conversion of St. Paul presents the same dynamic emotion and dramatic religious fervor with the use of eloquent pictorial devices and stage lighting in much the same way as in which of the following works of art?

Accepted Answer

Both Caravaggio's Conversion of St. Paul and Bernini's Ecstasy of St. Teresa use dynamic poses, dramatic lighting, and theatricality to express strong religious emotion. Both works depict a moment of spiritual awakening, with the figures in intense states of ecstasy. Additionally, both Caravaggio and Bernini were masters of the Baroque style, which emphasized drama, movement, and theatricality in art.

Question 16

Which city has been generally credited with the birth of the Baroque style?

Accepted Answer

Rome is generally credited with the birth of the Baroque style, as it developed there in the early 17th century and spread to other parts of Europe.

Question 17

The Roman Catholic response to the Reformation was formulated at which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The Roman Catholic response to the Reformation was formulated at the Council of Trent, a series of meetings held between 1545 and 1563. The council reaffirmed Catholic teachings and addressed some of the criticisms raised by Protestants.

Question 18

Which of the following represents a symbolic function of Bernini's Baldacchino?

Accepted Answer

The columns of Bernini's Baldacchino are designed in a twisted, spiral form, reminiscent of the columns in Old St. Peter's Basilica, thus invoking the Early Christian past.

Question 19

Velásquez held the titles of First Painter to the King and which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Velásquez was appointed as the Chief Steward of the Palace, a position that involved overseeing the royal household and its functions.

Question 20

Velásquez was the court painter for Philip IV. He accompanied the king to Fraga during the Aragonese campaign. While there he painted Philip's portrait, it is known as the Fraga Philip. Due to the dynastic inbreeding in the Hapsburg line, Philip inherited the Hapsburg jaw. How did Velásquez compensate for this "jaw" in the Fraga portrait?

Accepted Answer

Velásquez compensated for the Hapsburg jaw by focusing attention on the cloak and baldric worn by the king, making them shimmer, which diverted attention from the jaw.

Quiz 24: the Baroque in Italy and Spain