The Saihoji temple gardens show the continuities and changes in the religious art of the Muromachi period, which combines Pure Land Buddhist and Zen Buddhist traditions. Which of the following describes a characteristic trait of Zen Buddhism?

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Zen Buddhism emphasizes rigorous discipline and personal responsibility, as adherents believe that enlightenment can only be achieved through one's own efforts and not through external factors such as prayer or worship. This emphasis on self-discipline and personal responsibility is reflected in the Zen garden design of Saihoji temple, which requires visitors to engage in physical labor by raking the gravel, thus promoting mindfulness and focused attention.

The Saihoji Temple Gardens Show the Continuities and Changes in the Religious