Question 1

Describe the five models of the causes of alcohol dependence.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Describe the pharmacological approaches used in the treatment of alcoholism and opiate abuse.Describe the mechanisms of action of these pharmacotherapies as well as the research evidence regarding their effectiveness.

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Question 3

Brief interventions tend to be most effective for individuals with mild to moderate alcohol problems.

Accepted Answer

Brief interventions are typically designed for individuals with mild to moderate alcohol problems and have been shown to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption and related problems. For individuals with more severe alcohol dependence, more intensive forms of treatment may be necessary.

Question 4

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) has been shown to be, by far, the most effective treatment for alcoholism.

Accepted Answer

The effectiveness of AA is difficult to measure as it relies heavily on self-reporting and has a high dropout rate. Studies have shown that other forms of treatment, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication-assisted treatment, can be equally or more effective in treating alcoholism. Additionally, AA is not a treatment in the traditional sense, but rather a mutual aid support group.

Question 5

Describe the Alcoholics Anonymous program and how it works.What are the beginning and ending steps of the program?

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Question 6

Antabuse is thought to be effective because it creates a learned aversion to alcohol.

Accepted Answer

Antabuse contains disulfiram, which causes unpleasant physical reactions such as flushing, nausea, and vomiting when alcohol is consumed. Over time, the individual learns to associate drinking alcohol with these negative reactions, creating a strong aversion to alcohol.

Question 7

Recent research has demonstrated that telehealth methods are ineffective for treating substance use disorders.

Accepted Answer

Recent research on telehealth methods for substance use disorder treatment has actually shown promising results in terms of effectiveness, accessibility, and patient satisfaction. However, telehealth is not a one-size-fits-all solution and certain patients may still benefit more from in-person treatment.

Question 8

There does not seem to be any connection between alcohol or drug abuse and psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol and drug abuse are often linked with psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Chronic use of substances can worsen these disorders or even contribute to their development.

Question 9

Alcohol and drug treatment that most people receive today is consistently supported by research evidence.

Accepted Answer

Many alcohol and drug treatment programs lack strong evidence-based support, and there is significant variability in the effectiveness and quality of treatment methods across different programs.

Question 10

Naltrexone, an opiate antagonist, is an approved pharmacotherapy used in alcohol treatment.

Accepted Answer

Naltrexone is approved by the FDA for the treatment of alcohol use disorder as it reduces the craving for alcohol and can help prevent relapse.

Question 11

What does treatment outcome research tell us about the effectiveness of alcohol and other drug treatments?

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Question 12

In order to be cost effective, a person with a substance use disorder must remain in outpatient treatment for at least three months.

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Question 13

According to the 2015 NSDUH survey, more people were admitted to drug treatment for abuse of pain relievers than for any other nonalcohol drug.

Accepted Answer

According to the 2015 NSDUH survey, pain relievers (including prescription opioid pain relievers and heroin) were the primary substance of abuse for 2.1 million admissions to substance use disorder treatment services. This was more than for any other type of illicit drug, including marijuana and cocaine.

Question 14

Temposil is an alcohol-sensitizing drug that is not available in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Temposil is not available in the United States but is available in other countries such as Russia and Ukraine.

Question 15

How do economic factors affect alcohol and drug treatment?

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Question 16

Describe current research on Internet-based approaches to treating substance use disorder.How might technology change approaches to treatment? What benefits and drawbacks do you see with these approaches?

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Question 17

According to the opponent process theory, the individual's self-efficacy to cope with high-risk situations determines whether or not they will relapse.

Accepted Answer

The opponent process theory focuses on the idea that over time, drug use elicits not only the desired effects, but also an opponent process that creates an aversive response. This aversive response is hypothesized to contribute to addiction and relapse. Self-efficacy is an important factor in relapse prevention, but it is not the primary focus of the opponent process theory.

Question 18

Recent research has shown that acamprosate in combination with behavioral treatment produces better outcomes than the same behavioral treatment paired with a placebo.

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Question 19

Substance-use problems in women tend to develop faster than they do in men.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women tend to develop substance-use problems at a faster rate than men due to physiological, social, and cultural factors. Women also tend to experience more severe physical and psychological consequences of substance use compared to men.

Question 20

What are the major models and theories of relapse? What are the mechanisms of relapse for each?

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Quiz 15: Treatment of Substance-Use Disorders