Question 1

Cultural norms that specify how we must modify our facial expressions to fit social situations are known as _____________.

Accepted Answer

Cultural norms that dictate how we must modify our facial expressions to fit social situations are known as display rules. Emotion work and emotion labor refer to the effort required to manage and express emotions in the workplace, while feeling rules refer to the social expectations regarding how one ought to feel in particular situations.

Question 2

Bryant got a job working at the local amusement park for the summer.He works in the Heights of Horror-a haunted hotel themed thrill ride.When he was assigned there, he thought it would be much better than working in the children's section where he'd have to be happy and smile all the time.However, he's finding the requirement to scowl and be generally dark and foreboding to customers to be exhausting and he often leaves work in a bad mood.This is an example of _____________.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of emotion labor, which refers to the requirement to manage and display certain emotions as part of a job, often leading to emotional exhaustion and strain on the worker.

Question 3

While the factors that produce an emotion vary by culture (e.g., what causes a person shame in Japan is different from what causes shame in the U.S.), the relative importance of emotions does not.

Accepted Answer

The relative importance of emotions can indeed vary by culture, as different cultures prioritize and value emotions differently based on their societal norms, beliefs, and values.

Question 4

Individualistic emotion competence is common in the US, supporting "ego-focused" emotions like anger and pride.

Accepted Answer

Individualistic cultures like that of the US prioritize the importance of individual needs over group needs, leading to the development of emotions like anger and pride that focus on one's own feelings and achievements. This is in contrast to collectivistic cultures that prioritize group harmony and interpersonal relationships, leading to the development of emotions like empathy and gratitude.

Question 5

On Tuesday, Camryn found out that she was selected for a summer internship she had been hoping for.Later that day she missed her normal bus and had to wait another 15 minutes for the next one, but she happily used the time to call a friend.The next morning she spilled her coffee on her favorite sweater, but didn't get upset.She had much better things to be thinking about-like all the great people she'd meet during her internship.Prompted by the good news, Camryn was experiencing _____________.

Accepted Answer

Camryn's positive experience of getting selected for the summer internship is affecting her overall mood, which is reflected in her reaction to missing her bus and spilling coffee on her sweater. A mood is a more general and long-lasting emotional state, which seems to be the case here. Affect, emotion, and sentiment all refer to more specific and short-lived emotional responses to a particular stimulus or situation.

Question 6

George swears that he can tell when his dog is happy just by looking at his face."He smiles, just like you and me," George tells you.Based on this, you think George might enjoy reading the work of _____________and make a mental note to get him a copy of the book "Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals" for his next birthday.

Accepted Answer

"Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals" is a book written by Charles Darwin, who is known for his study on the evolution of species and also for his research on the emotional expression of animals. The book explores the ways in which emotions are expressed in different animals, including dogs, which fits with George's interest in his dog's emotional state.

Question 7

You're on your way to meet Chelsea for a study date.As soon as she sees you, she averts her gaze, moves her head down, and puts her hand to her face.You're not sure what has happened, but you are relatively certain that Chelsea is _____________.

Accepted Answer

Chelsea's behavior of avoiding eye contact, moving her head down, and putting her hand to her face is indicative of embarrassment. This could be due to a variety of reasons, such as being late for the study date, forgetting something important, or having made a mistake.

Question 8

We are more likely to experience embarrassment when _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We are more likely to experience embarrassment...

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the six fundamental emotions according to Ekman?

Accepted Answer

Jealousy is not one of the six fundamental emotions according to Ekman. The six fundamental emotions identified by Ekman are happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust.

Question 10

Social emotions are defined as emotions that _____________.

Accepted Answer

Social emotions are defined as emotions that are usually experienced in reference to some kind of societal standard. These emotions are influenced by cultural norms and expectations, and vary across different societies and cultures. Examples of social emotions include guilt, shame, pride, and embarrassment.

Question 11

Though many of his ideas have been discredited, Sigmund Freud's work is still important, as it drew attention to the evolutionary nature of emotions by demonstrating that humans and animals experience and express some emotions-such as fear-similarly.

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud's work primarily focused on the unconscious mind, psychosexual stages of development, and defense mechanisms, rather than the evolutionary nature of emotions. Charles Darwin is more closely associated with the idea that humans and animals experience and express some emotions similarly.

Question 12

Thao grew up in a Vietnamese-American household.She feels a strong sense of pride when her group receives a high grade for a group project and deep shame when she disappoints her family.These emotions are most likely a product of ________________.

Accepted Answer

Thao's emotions are likely a product of emotional socialization - the process by which individuals learn and internalize the rules and norms for expressing and regulating emotions within their culture or society. In this case, Thao's strong sense of pride and shame may be influenced by the cultural values and expectations within her Vietnamese-American household.

Question 13

Yuliana was having a bad day.She had a terrible fight with her roommate, and then got lost on her way to her interview, making her feel flustered and anxious.Before the interview began she decided to take a few moments to think about the fun plans she had for the coming weekend.She smiled to herself.Soon, she started to feel happy.By the time her interview began she was feeling very positive.Yuliana was practicing _____________.

Accepted Answer

Yuliana is using deep acting, which is a form of emotional labor where an individual actively tries to change their emotions to align with the situation they are in. In this case, Yuliana is consciously thinking about positive things to change her negative emotions before her interview. This is an example of deep acting, as opposed to surface acting, which involves only changing outward expressions without changing inner emotions. Feeling rules refer to social norms about what emotions are appropriate in a given situation, but Yuliana is not merely following these rules, she is actively trying to change her emotions to match the situation.

Question 14

While walking down the street, a barking dog lounges at Maurice's ankle.Maurice's heart beats rapidly, his face contorts, he jumps back, and yelps.According to the four-factor model, which of following must now occur for Maurice to experience an emotion?

Accepted Answer

According to the four-factor model, Maurice must label the physiological response and situation cues to experience a specific emotion.

Question 15

Young people often misinterpret neutral faces of the elderly as angry or sad due in part to their wrinkles.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that younger individuals often misinterpret the neutral facial expressions of the elderly as negative due to the presence of wrinkles and other age-related changes in facial features.

Question 16

While guilt is generally a negative emotion, it can serve some important social functions.One such function is _____________.

Accepted Answer

Guilt can serve as a mechanism for socialization by encouraging individuals to conform to social norms and expectations. It can also help distribute negative consequences of bad social interactions by prompting individuals to make amends for their actions and repair any harm they have caused. Therefore, both options A and B are correct.

Question 17

Erik's _____________was intense and long-lasting; he worried that others thought he was a bad person, and thought the only way to resolve the situation was to leave.

Accepted Answer

Based on the description of Erik's feelings, he seems to be experiencing shame, which involves feeling embarrassed or humiliated about oneself and worrying about negative evaluations by others. Guilt is also a possibility, which involves feeling remorse or responsibility for a specific action or situation, but the emphasis on worrying about others' perceptions suggests shame as the better fit. Anger may be a related emotion, but it is not mentioned in the description. Depression could be a consequence of prolonged shame, but it is not the primary emotion described.

Question 18

Affect can be positive or negative and relate to any kind of subjective evaluation of an object.

Accepted Answer

Affect refers to the subjective evaluation of an object, and this evaluation can be either positive or negative.

Question 19

Liam is disappointed that his aunt is sick, but would like to be happy when he arrives to his volunteer shift at the children's hospital.Which strategy is likely to influence Liam's affect?

Accepted Answer

All of the actions listed - smiling, skipping and whistling, and cheerfully greeting strangers - can positively influence one's mood or affect through behavioral feedback mechanisms. Engaging in behaviors associated with happiness can actually lead to an improvement in one's emotional state.

Question 20

Scout loves tortoises and often seeks out opportunities to see them or read about them.Scout is experiencing ______________.

Accepted Answer

Scout's interest in tortoises and seeking out opportunities to see them or read about them reflects a sentiment, which is an attitude or feeling toward something, in this case, tortoises. Unlike an emotion, which is typically a more intense and short-lived reaction to a specific event, or a mood, which is a more diffuse and enduring emotional state, a sentiment is more about one's general feelings or attitudes towards a particular subject or idea. An affect is a broader term that encompasses emotions, feelings, and moods, making it less specific to Scout's situation.

Quiz 6: Emotions