Question 1

The career criminal debate claims there is single group called active offenders.

Accepted Answer

The career criminal debate suggests that there is a small group of offenders who are responsible for a large proportion of crimes, but it does not claim there is only one single group called "active offenders." It acknowledges various patterns and pathways in criminal careers.

Question 2

Life-course persistent offender's behavior is a function of the developmental stage and social interactions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Life-course persistent offender's behavior is a function...

Question 3

Shaw & McKay's social disorganization theory and Cloward & Ohlin's subculture theory are examples of integrated theories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shaw & McKay's social disorganization theory and...

Question 4

A set of developmental sequences that describe the unfolding of a behavior over time are risk factors.

Accepted Answer

Developmental sequences describe the typical order and timing of behaviors or skills as they occur in development, not risk factors. Risk factors are characteristics or conditions that increase the likelihood of a negative outcome.

Question 5

Risk factors that promote antisocial and criminal behavior are exactly the same as factors that promote desistance from antisocial behavior.

Accepted Answer

Risk factors for antisocial and criminal behavior, such as poverty, family dysfunction, and substance abuse, are not the same as factors that promote desistance, which include positive social bonds, employment, and educational opportunities. Desistance factors often involve the development of new circumstances or personal changes that reduce the influence of risk factors.

Question 6

Robert Sampson and John Laub were recently award the Stockholm award for outstanding research in criminology.

Accepted Answer

Robert Sampson and John Laub were recently awarded the Stockholm Prize in Criminology for their outstanding research in the field.

Question 7

Robert Sampson and John Laub are responsible for formulating the typologies of life-course persistent and adolescence limited offenders.

Accepted Answer

Terrie Moffitt is the researcher who formulated the typologies of life-course persistent and adolescence-limited offenders.

Question 8

Life-course criminology argues that antisocial behavior results from the intersection of biological, psychological, sociological, and situational risk factors.

Accepted Answer

Life-course criminology indeed posits that antisocial behavior is the outcome of a complex interplay among biological, psychological, sociological, and situational risk factors, emphasizing the importance of understanding an individual's development and experiences over their lifespan.

Question 9

Terrie Moffitt is responsible for formulating the age-graded theory of informal social control.

Accepted Answer

Terrie Moffitt is known for formulating the developmental taxonomy theory, which includes the distinction between life-course persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial behavior, not the age-graded theory of informal social control. The age-graded theory of informal social control was developed by Sampson and Laub.

Question 10

Social structure and social control theories are fundamentally opposed to each other.

Accepted Answer

Social structure and social control theories are not fundamentally opposed to each other. Social structure theories focus on the ways in which social structures shape individual behavior, while social control theories focus on the ways in which society controls individual behavior. Both theories recognize that social structure and social control are important factors in shaping individual behavior.

Quiz 9: New Directions: Integration and a Life-Course Perspective