Question 1

The general term for clay,silt,and sand deposited by running water is
A)alluvium.
B)debris.
C)soil.
D)mud.
E)colluvium

Accepted Answer

Alluvium is the general term used by geologists for the sediment and soil that is deposited by flowing water, such as rivers, streams, and floodwaters. It usually consists of a mixture of sand, silt, clay, and gravel, and can contain organic materials like leaves and twigs as well. So, the best choice for the given question is A, alluvium.

Question 2

Which of the following is correctly matched?
A)rills - large,permanent grooves in the land surface
B)drainage divides - ephemeral ridges that develop in the drainage surface
C)Mackenzie River Basin - contained in one province
D)Danube River - an international stream
E)major drainage basin - one river

Accepted Answer

The Danube River is an international stream that flows through multiple countries including Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Romania.

Note: 
A) Rills are usually smaller and temporary grooves in the land surface.
B) Drainage divides are permanent ridges that separate one drainage basin from another.
C) Mackenzie River Basin is located in two provinces - Alberta and Northwest Territories in Canada.
E) A major drainage basin typically contains multiple rivers and their tributaries.

Question 3

When a dam and reservoir are constructed,the natural response of the river and its channel gradient come under the control of
A)the same base level that existed prior to construction.
B)a local,or temporary,base level.
C)the government.
D)an ultimate base level.
E)a calculated base level based on engineering design.

Accepted Answer

When a dam and reservoir are constructed, the natural response of the river and its channel gradient come under the control of a local, or temporary, base level. The water level in the reservoir becomes the new base level for the river and can lead to changes in the river's characteristics downstream of the dam. However, this base level can change over time as water levels in the reservoir fluctuate or if the dam is removed.

Question 4

Watersheds are defined by
A)continental divides.
B)drainage divides.
C)stream orders.
D)fluvial units.
E)ocean basins.

Accepted Answer

Watersheds are defined by drainage divides, which separate one watershed from another. A drainage divide is a geographic feature such as a ridge, hilltop, or mountain range that separates one watershed or drainage basin from another. A continental divide is a specific type of drainage divide that separates the water that flows into different oceans or seas (e.g. the Rocky Mountains in North America). Stream orders and fluvial units are related to the classification of individual streams or rivers, and ocean basins are much larger geographical features that may contain many different watersheds.

Question 5

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
A)endogenic processes - initial landscapes
B)exogenic processes - sequential landscapes
C)Mackin - graded river
D)John Wesley Powel - base level concept
E)fluvial - beach systems

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
A)endogenic...

Question 6

Which of the following may act as a base level?
A)a lake that a river flows into
B)a benchmark
C)the upper surface of a waterfall
D)the base of the CN Tower
E)the corner of Portage and Main.

Accepted Answer

A lake that a river flows into can act as a base level because the river cannot erode the lakebed below its surface level. Therefore, the lake establishes the lowest point of erosion for the river.

Question 7

The ultimate base level is
A)a drainage divide.
B)a dam.
C)sea level.
D)the base of the Rocky Mountains.
E)a watershed.

Accepted Answer

Sea level is considered to be the ultimate base level because it is the lowest point to which a river can erode and transport sediment. All water ultimately flows towards the sea, and therefore sea level represents the final destination for all water bodies. Drainage divides, dams, and watersheds are all related to the flow of water, but they are not considered to be base levels. The base of the Rocky Mountains is just a geographic feature and is not related to the concept of base level.

Question 8

Most of Saskatchewan,Manitoba,and Ontario are in which major drainage basin?
A)Hudson Bay
B)Arctic
C)Missouri
D)Upper Mississippi
E)Pacific

Accepted Answer

Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario all drain into the Hudson Bay watershed, which covers over 3 million square kilometers and is the second-largest in North America after the Mississippi River basin.

Question 9

The degradation of a landscape by weathering,erosion,and transportation will ultimately reduce the landscape down to
A)base level.
B)continental shelf.
C)the mountain tops.
D)valley level.
E)sea level.

Accepted Answer

As erosion and transportation continue to wear down the landscape over time, it will eventually reach its base level, which is the lowest level that the landscape can be reduced to by natural processes. This could be a flat plain, a valley floor, or even sea level depending on the location and geologic history of the area. The other options (continental shelf, mountain tops, and valley level) are possible points along the way to base level, but they are not the final destination of the landscape's degradation.

Question 10

When overland flow becomes concentrated on an interfluve,it creates small grooves called ________,which can enlarge to form ________ if erosion of the slope is not controlled.
A)striations potholes
B)potholes striations
C)rills gullies
D)gullies rills
E)striations gullies

Accepted Answer

When overland flow becomes concentrated on an interfluve, it creates small grooves called rills, which can enlarge to form gullies if erosion of the slope is not controlled. Option A and E are incorrect as striations are formed due to glacial erosion and not due to overland flow. Option B is incorrect as potholes are formed on riverbeds due to the swirling of water with rocks and pebbles. Option D is incorrect as it has the reverse order of terms.

Question 11

In response to the occurrence of a local base level,
A)a stream continues to operate to reduce its landscape to sea level-the ultimate base level.
B)sediments accumulate in response to the loss of flow velocity.
C)sea level changes.
D)this situation never occurs in nature.
E)the stream cuts downward.

Accepted Answer

When a local base level is encountered, the stream loses energy and flow velocity, leading to sediment deposition.

Question 12

Stream-related processes are termed
A)hydrological.
B)geomorphological.
C)fluvial.
D)erosion.
E)aeolian.

Accepted Answer

The term "fluvial" specifically refers to processes related to streams and rivers.

Answer: A and B
 While "fluvial" is a more specific term for stream-related processes, both "hydrological" and "geomorphological" can also encompass stream-related processes as they respectively refer to water-related processes and landform shaping processes, both of which are relevant to streams. However, these terms are not as specific to streams as "fluvial."

Question 13

At any one moment,approximately ________ of fresh water flows through Earth's rivers and streams.
A)1250 km³
B)13 000 km³
C)104 000 km³
D)22 percent (an amount equal to that in groundwater)
E)542 000 km³

Accepted Answer

Approximately 1250 km³ of fresh water flows through Earth's rivers and streams at any one moment.

Question 14

The state of Georgia is principally within which major drainage basin?
A)Tennessee
B)Ohio
C)North Atlantic
D)South Atlantic-Gulf
E)Pacific

Accepted Answer

The state of Georgia is primarily located within the South Atlantic-Gulf drainage basin. The Chattahoochee, Flint, and Savannah rivers are some of the major rivers that flow through Georgia and drain into the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 15

The greatest flow from rivers in North America,east of the continental divide in the Rockies is into the
A)Pacific drainage.
B)Hudson Bay/Arctic drainage.
C)Atlantic drainage.
D)interior West drainage.
E)Gulf of Mexico drainage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The greatest flow from rivers in North...

Question 16

Of the world's largest rivers,which has the greatest discharge?
A)Zaire (Congo)River
B)Amazon River
C)Missouri-Ohio-Mississippi river system
D)Chang Chiang (Yangtze)of Asia
E)Nile

Accepted Answer

The Amazon River has the greatest discharge out of all the world's largest rivers. Its mean discharge is approximately 209,000 cubic meters per second, which is greater than the combined discharge of the next seven largest rivers.

Question 17

The high ground that separates one valley from another is known as ________,and it directs surface water runoff known as ________ toward a stream.
A)the maximum contour elevation alluvial discharge
B)the maximum contour elevation sheet flow
C)an interfluve alluvial discharge
D)an interfluve sheet flow
E)the continental divide overland flow

Accepted Answer

An interfluve is the high ground between valleys, and sheet flow refers to the surface water runoff that moves overland toward a stream.

Question 18

Which of the following lists of processes are in the correct sequence as to their occurrence in nature?
A)deposition,erosion,transport,weathering
B)weathering,erosion,deposition,transport
C)weathering,deposition,erosion,transport
D)weathering,erosion,transport,deposition
E)deposition,weathering,erosion,transport

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence of natural processes is weathering (breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces), erosion (transportation of those smaller pieces by wind, water, or ice), transport (movement of the pieces to a new location), and finally deposition (settling of the pieces in a new location). Choice D is the only sequence that follows this order.

Question 19

Dam decommissioning and removal
A)allows fish habitat to return to a more natural state in many rivers in North America.
B)will increase hydroelectric production.
C)will prevent flooding along major waterways.
D)allows sediment to be collected for removal from ponds.
E)will increase the water temperature in rivers.

Accepted Answer

Dam decommissioning and removal can allow fish to return to their natural habitats by allowing water to flow naturally through the river. This can benefit fish populations and overall ecosystem health in many rivers in North America. The other options listed are not necessarily benefits of dam decommissioning and removal.

Question 20

John Wesley Powell put forward the idea of base level,which refers to
A)an imagined surface that extends inland from sea level,and is inclined gently upward.
B)a level above which a stream cannot erode its valley.
C)an evolutionary cycle of landscape development.
D)flat plateaus.
E)the top surface of a delta.

Accepted Answer

The answer of John Wesley Powell put forward the idea...

Quiz 14: River Systems and Landforms

The general term for clay,silt,and sand deposited by running water is

Which of the following is correctly matched?

When a dam and reservoir are constructed,the natural response of the river and its channel gradient come under the control of

Watersheds are defined by

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Which of the following may act as a base level?

The ultimate base level is

Most of Saskatchewan,Manitoba,and Ontario are in which major drainage basin?

The degradation of a landscape by weathering,erosion,and transportation will ultimately reduce the landscape down to

When overland flow becomes concentrated on an interfluve,it creates small grooves called ,which can enlarge to form if erosion of the slope is not controlled.

In response to the occurrence of a local base level,

Stream-related processes are termed

At any one moment,approximately ________ of fresh water flows through Earth's rivers and streams.

The state of Georgia is principally within which major drainage basin?

The greatest flow from rivers in North America,east of the continental divide in the Rockies is into the

Of the world's largest rivers,which has the greatest discharge?

The high ground that separates one valley from another is known as ,and it directs surface water runoff known as toward a stream.

Which of the following lists of processes are in the correct sequence as to their occurrence in nature?

Dam decommissioning and removal

John Wesley Powell put forward the idea of base level,which refers to