Question 1

Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Series of recently approved drugs that increase the presence of gut hormones which are advantageous for insulin secretion and decrease glucagon levels

Accepted Answer

Antidiabetic drugs are a series of recently approved drugs that increase the presence of gut hormones, which are advantageous for insulin secretion and decrease glucagon levels.

Question 2

Match each term with its definition.
-Affect the metabolism of protein, fat, and glucose

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each term with its definition.
-Affect the...

Question 3

Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Small mass of tissue attached by a slim stalk to the roof of the third ventricle in the brain

Accepted Answer

The small mass of tissue attached by a slim stalk to the roof of the third ventricle in the brain is called the pineal body.

Note: The other terms are related to diabetes and endocrine disorders, and do not match the given definition.

Question 4

Match each term with its definition.
-Procedure performed to allow the eye to recess into the socket

Accepted Answer

Orbital decompression is the procedure performed to recess the eye into the socket, usually done in cases of Graves' disease where the eye bulges due to inflammation.

Answer: B
 Growth hormone is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in humans and other animals.

Answer: C
 Thyrotropin, also known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones.

Answer: D
 Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the production of melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes.

Answer: F
 Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance.

Answer: G
 Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, leading to symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety.

Answer: H
 Androgens are hormones that promote the development and maintenance of male characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass.

Answer: I
 Mineralocorticoids are hormones that regulate electrolyte and water balance in the body, particularly sodium and potassium.

Answer: J
 Glucocorticoids are hormones that regulate glucose metabolism and the immune system, and are often used as medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response.

Question 5

Match each term with its definition.
-Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone is also known as thyrotropin, which is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

Question 6

Match each term with its definition.
-Overactive thyroid

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism is the medical term for an overactive thyroid, which means the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.

Question 7

Match each term with its definition.
-Control electrolyte balances by regulating the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules and the excretion of potassium

Accepted Answer

Mineralocorticoids, specifically aldosterone, are responsible for controlling electrolyte balances by regulating the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules and the excretion of potassium.

Question 8

Match each term with its definition.
-Hormone that increases skin pigmentation

Accepted Answer

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone increases skin pigmentation.

Answer: A 
 Hormone is a general term for a signaling molecule produced by an endocrine gland.

Answer: F 
 Hypothyroidism is a disorder where the thyroid gland produces too little thyroid hormone.

Answer: G 
 Hyperthyroidism is a disorder where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.

Answer: H 
 Androgens are a class of hormones that include testosterone and are primarily responsible for male sexual development and function.

Answer: I 
 Mineralocorticoids are a class of hormones that regulate salt and water balance in the body, primarily through actions on the kidneys.

Answer: J 
 Glucocorticoids are a class of hormones that regulate glucose metabolism and help the body respond to stress.

Answer: E 
 Orbital decompression is a surgical procedure to alleviate eye-related symptoms associated with certain thyroid disorders.

Answer: B 
 Growth hormone is a hormone that stimulates growth and development in children and adolescents, and it also has metabolic effects in adults.

Answer: C 
 Thyrotropin, also known as thyroid-stimulating hormone, is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone.

Question 9

Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Reduce insulin resistance by modulating activity of nuclear transcription factors

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Reduce...

Question 10

Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Condition that results from a deficiency of adrenal hormones in the cortex of the adrenal gland

Accepted Answer

Addison's disease is a condition that results from a deficiency of adrenal hormones in the cortex of the adrenal gland.

B
 The pineal body is a small endocrine gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate sleep-wake cycles.

C
 A fingerstick is a quick and easy diagnostic test that involves pricking the finger with a lancet to obtain a small sample of blood.

D
 Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, resulting in high blood sugar levels.

E
 Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels.

J
 Antidiabetic drugs are medications used to treat diabetes, including insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and other drugs that help regulate blood sugar levels.

H and I
 Biguanides (such as metformin) and thiazolidinediones (such as pioglitazone) are two classes of oral hypoglycemic agents used to treat type 2 diabetes.

Question 11

Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Patients with this condition have insulin resistance and are usually overweight

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Patients...

Question 12

Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Method used by diabetic patients to evaluate their glucose level

Accepted Answer

Finger stick is a common method used by diabetic patients to evaluate their glucose level by obtaining a small blood sample from the fingertip.

Question 13

Match each term with its definition.
-Complex chemical that influences actions at distant sites and controls body functions

Accepted Answer

Hormones are chemicals produced by glands in the endocrine system that travel through the bloodstream to tissues or organs, affecting many different processes, including growth and development, metabolism, sexual function, and mood.

Question 14

Match each term with its definition.
-Sex steroids

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each term with its definition.
-Sex steroids
...

Question 15

Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Autoimmune disease that eventually results in severe insulin deficiency

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency.

Question 16

Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Work to lower sugar levels by blocking the release of glucose by the liver

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Work...

Question 17

Match each term with its definition.
-Below-normal thyroid activity

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism is the medical term for below-normal thyroid activity, indicating an underactive thyroid gland that does not produce enough thyroid hormones.

Question 18

Match each term with its definition.
-Affects the length of the long bones, and therefore height

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone directly influences the growth of long bones and overall height.

Question 19

Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Disorder characterized by a group of symptoms that result from the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex caused by excess ACTH production

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome is a disorder characterized by a group of symptoms that result from the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex caused by excess ACTH production.

Answer: F
 Addison's disease is a disorder characterized by a deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex.

Answer: D
 Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas.

Answer: E
 Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels.

Answer: J
 Antidiabetic drugs are medications used to treat diabetes, including insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and other medications.

Answer: H
 Biguanides are a type of oral hypoglycemic agent used to treat type 2 diabetes by reducing glucose production in the liver and increasing insulin sensitivity.

Answer: I
 Thiazolidinediones are another type of oral hypoglycemic agent used to treat type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing glucose production in the liver.

Answer: A, B, C
 Thyroid storm refers to a life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism, the pineal body is a gland in the brain that is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles, and a fingerstick is a common method for monitoring blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. None of these correspond to the given definition.

Question 20

Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Extreme clinical development of hyperthyroidism

Accepted Answer

Extreme clinical development of hyperthyroidism is known as thyroid storm.

Answer: B
 Pineal body is a small endocrine gland in the brain which produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.

Answer: C
 Fingerstick is a simple blood test that is done by pricking the finger to obtain a drop of blood for glucose monitoring.

Answer: D
 Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin.

Answer: E
 Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the body becomes resistant to insulin, resulting in high blood sugar levels.

Answer: F
 Addison's disease is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the adrenal glands, leading to insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone.

Answer: G
 Cushing's syndrome is a rare hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol hormone.

Answer: H
 Biguanides are a class of oral antidiabetic drugs (e.g. metformin) that lower blood glucose levels by reducing glucose production by the liver and increasing glucose uptake by muscles and fat cells.

Answer: I
 Thiazolidinediones are a class of oral antidiabetic drugs (e.g. pioglitazone) that improve insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance by binding to nuclear receptors in fat cells and muscles.

Answer: J
 Antidiabetic drugs are a group of medications used to regulate blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. This includes insulin, oral antidiabetic drugs, and other injectable medications.

Quiz 34: Infection Control and Medical Asepsis

Match each term with its corresponding definition. -Series of recently approved drugs that increase the presence of gut hormones which are advantageous for insulin secretion and decrease glucagon levels

Match each term with its definition. -Affect the metabolism of protein, fat, and glucose

Match each term with its corresponding definition. -Small mass of tissue attached by a slim stalk to the roof of the third ventricle in the brain

Match each term with its definition. -Procedure performed to allow the eye to recess into the socket

Match each term with its definition. -Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Match each term with its definition. -Overactive thyroid

Match each term with its definition. -Control electrolyte balances by regulating the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules and the excretion of potassium

Match each term with its definition. -Hormone that increases skin pigmentation

Match each term with its corresponding definition. -Reduce insulin resistance by modulating activity of nuclear transcription factors

Match each term with its corresponding definition. -Condition that results from a deficiency of adrenal hormones in the cortex of the adrenal gland

Match each term with its corresponding definition. -Patients with this condition have insulin resistance and are usually overweight

Match each term with its corresponding definition. -Method used by diabetic patients to evaluate their glucose level

Match each term with its definition. -Complex chemical that influences actions at distant sites and controls body functions

Match each term with its definition. -Sex steroids

Match each term with its corresponding definition. -Autoimmune disease that eventually results in severe insulin deficiency

Match each term with its corresponding definition. -Work to lower sugar levels by blocking the release of glucose by the liver

Match each term with its definition. -Below-normal thyroid activity

Match each term with its definition. -Affects the length of the long bones, and therefore height

Match each term with its corresponding definition. -Disorder characterized by a group of symptoms that result from the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex caused by excess ACTH production

Match each term with its corresponding definition. -Extreme clinical development of hyperthyroidism