Question 1

The key element that distinguishes most researcher's definition of sexual assault broadly and rape more specifically is ______

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Which of the following is a necessary component in social psychologists' definition of aggression?

Accepted Answer

Aggression, as defined by social psychologists, must be intentional. It is the intent to harm another, whether physically or psychologically, that distinguishes aggressive behavior from accidental harm. Physical contact, premeditation, and emotion are not necessary components for an act to be considered aggressive.

Question 3

Each of the following is TRUE of violent victimization EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

During which age range are men most likely to be involved in violent crime?

Accepted Answer

Men are most likely to be involved in violent crime during their late teens and early twenties, which corresponds to the age range of 16-25. This period is often associated with higher levels of aggression and risk-taking behaviors.

Question 5

Natalie spreads nasty rumors about Daisy that harm her reputation and cause others to treat her poorly. Which type of aggression best characterizes Natalie's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Indirect aggression involves harming someone without direct confrontation, often through social manipulation or spreading rumors, which matches Natalie's behavior.

Question 6

Relative to women in general, each of the following groups is especially vulnerable to sexual assault EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

Groups A, B, and C are identified in research as being at higher risk for sexual assault due to factors like age, disability, and socioeconomic status, which can increase vulnerability or reduce access to resources and support. However, being a homemaker in a conservative household is not specifically identified as a risk factor for sexual assault in the same way, as vulnerability to sexual assault is more directly linked to factors like age, disability, and socioeconomic status rather than one's role within a household or political/ideological beliefs.

Question 7

For which of the following types of violent crimes are women more likely than men to be victims?

Accepted Answer

Women are significantly more likely than men to be victims of sexual assault, reflecting gendered patterns of victimization in this type of violent crime.

Question 8

The earliest research on this type of violence framed it largely in terms of male violence against women.

Accepted Answer

The earliest research on intimate partner violence (IPV) primarily focused on male violence against women, examining the dynamics and impacts of abuse within intimate relationships.

Question 9

______ is a term coined by Michael Johnson (2008) that describes situations when heated conflicts get out of hand and escalate unpredictably into violence.

Accepted Answer

Situational couple violence refers to conflicts that escalate into violence without a pattern of power and control; it contrasts with intimate terrorism, where violence is used to control or dominate the partner. Michael Johnson's research distinguishes between these types of violence in intimate relationships, highlighting the situational nature of this form of violence as opposed to the more systematic, controlling behavior seen in intimate terrorism.

Question 10

What best describes how researchers typically differentiate between the meanings of violence and aggression?

Accepted Answer

Violence is often defined as a subset of aggression, characterized by severe forms of physical harm or behavior intended to cause severe physical harm. This distinction allows for a broader understanding of aggression, which can include non-physical forms such as verbal or psychological aggression, whereas violence specifically refers to actions that result in, or are intended to result in, physical damage.

Question 11

Which of the following describes sex differences in physical aggression?

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows that men tend to exhibit higher levels of physical aggression than women, with effect sizes generally falling in the medium to large range.

Question 12

Which of the following types of aggression shows the most consistent and largest sex difference?

Accepted Answer

Self-reported physical aggression shows the most consistent and largest sex difference, with males typically reporting higher levels of physical aggression than females. This is supported by a wealth of psychological and sociological research.

Question 13

Researchers examining sex differences in physical aggression in laboratory environments find that which of the following increases the size of the disparity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers examining sex differences in physical aggression...

Question 14

Liam screams hurtful insults in Ewan's face, but Ewan laughs and walks away. Which type of aggression best characterizes Liam's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Liam's behavior is verbal because he uses words to express aggression, and it is direct because he confronts Ewan face-to-face.

Question 15

More recent meta-analyses of relational aggression find what kind, if any, of sex differences?

Accepted Answer

Meta-analyses indicate that small sex differences in relational aggression are more likely to be observed in older participants and when using methods other than self-report, as self-reports may be biased or less accurate.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes sex differences in cyberbullying

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that sex differences in cyberbullying are generally small and can vary depending on the age group being studied. While there may be trends suggesting differences in how males and females engage in cyberbullying at different ages, these differences are not large and are influenced by various factors, including developmental stages and social contexts.

Question 17

Which of the following groups is most likely to be targeted with violent crimes?

Accepted Answer

Statistical data consistently show that Black men are disproportionately targeted by violent crimes compared to other demographic groups. This is due to a variety of complex socio-economic factors and systemic issues.

Question 18

Which of the following types of aggression does research consistently show is committed more frequently by men?

Accepted Answer

Intimate terrorism, which involves the use of control tactics and violence to dominate the partner, is consistently shown by research to be committed more frequently by men. This form of aggression is characterized by one partner using control over the other through physical, emotional, or financial means, and studies have found that men are more often the perpetrators of this type of violence in heterosexual relationships.

Question 19

Which of the following would NOT count as aggression according to the social psychology definition?

Accepted Answer

Aggression, in social psychology, is defined as behavior intended to harm another individual who does not wish to be harmed. Smashing one's tennis racket out of frustration does not target another person with harm, thus it does not count as aggression according to the social psychology definition.

Question 20

Incarceration rates for women in the US have increased relative to men since the 1980s. This trend is largely due to increased incarceration among ______.

Accepted Answer

The increase in incarceration rates for women in the US since the 1980s is largely attributed to a rise in the incarceration of white women, driven by factors such as drug-related offenses and changes in law enforcement practices.

Quiz 14: Aggression and Violence