Question 1

Although _____ produce(s) more accurate predictions, most research on jurors' reactions to risk assessment evidence finds that _____ impact on jurors' ratings of dangerousness.

Accepted Answer

Actuarial methods are known to produce more accurate predictions regarding risk assessment compared to clinical judgment. However, research indicates that clinical testimony tends to have a greater impact on jurors' perceptions of dangerousness, likely due to the narrative and interpretive nature of clinical testimony which may be more persuasive or accessible to laypersons.

Question 2

According to the text, as of 2013, _____ states and the federal government adopted sexually violent predator _____ laws (SVP laws).

Accepted Answer

As of 2013, 20 states and the federal government had adopted sexually violent predator laws that are categorized as civil commitment laws, not criminal confinement. Civil commitment laws allow for the involuntary commitment of individuals deemed a threat due to a mental abnormality or personality disorder that makes them likely to engage in acts of sexual violence.

Question 3

Most studies show that sex offenders have lower reoffense rates than other types of criminals. Even though this finding may reflect the true differences in recidivism, there are other factors that contribute to the lower reoffense rates found among sex offenders. Which of the following is NOT among such factors?

Accepted Answer

C is incorrect because it assumes that sex offenders only commit sexual offenses upon recidivism, which is not a factor contributing to lower reported reoffense rates. In reality, sex offenders can commit a variety of crimes upon recidivism, not just sexual offenses.

Question 4

In Kansas v. Hendricks (1997), the Supreme Court was contemplating whether SVP laws violate double jeopardy. In a _____ ruling, the Court decided that such laws do not create _____.

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court, in a sharply divided decision, ruled that Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) laws do not constitute double punishment for the same crime, thus not violating the Double Jeopardy Clause.

Question 5

Regarding risk assessment, which of the following is an example of a false negative?

Accepted Answer

A false negative in risk assessment occurs when a prediction incorrectly indicates that a negative event (such as becoming violent) will not happen, but in reality, the event does occur. This is accurately described in option C, where a person was predicted not to become violent but ends up being violent.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an example of a historical, or "static," marker?

Accepted Answer

Impulsivity is considered a dynamic factor because it can change over time with interventions or changes in circumstances, unlike static factors such as age at first offense, major mental disorder, and personality disorder, which remain constant.

Question 7

The rate at which an event occurs in a given population is called the _____ rate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rate at which an event occurs...

Question 8

According to a report completed by Gookin (2007), nearly _____ have been incarcerated as a result of the SVP laws in the United States since 1990. As of 2007, _____ of them have been released.

Accepted Answer

Gookin (2007) reported that nearly 4,500 sex offenders have been incarcerated due to SVP laws since 1990, and as of 2007, 10% of them have been released.

Question 9

An individual who has a "recurrent, intense sexual urge or behavior involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children" is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Pedophilia is characterized by recurrent, intense sexual urges or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children, which is the definition provided in the question.

Question 10

In capital sentencing, expert testimony mainly focuses on the defendant's potential _____. In Barefoot v. Estelle (1983), the Supreme Court ruled that such testimony was admissible because jurors are capable of _____.

Accepted Answer

In Barefoot v. Estelle (1983), the Supreme Court ruled that expert testimony on a defendant's future dangerousness was admissible in capital sentencing, reasoning that jurors are capable of recognizing the limitations and weaknesses of such testimony.

Question 11

_____ was the first person to be subjected to the _____ laws (SVP laws).

Accepted Answer

Leroy Hendricks was the first person to be subjected to the sexually violent predator civil commitment laws (SVP laws), which allow for the involuntary commitment of certain individuals convicted of sexual offenses under specific conditions.

Question 12

In which of the following cases did the Court extend the Tarasoff requirement by deciding that information provided by a family member of an adult client and not by the client could trigger the "duty to protect" requirement?

Accepted Answer

Ewing v. Goldstein extended the Tarasoff duty by ruling that therapists have a duty to protect individuals who are being threatened with bodily harm by a patient, even if the threat information comes from a family member rather than the patient directly.

Question 13

Beliefs that other people or forces are controlling one's thoughts or implanting thoughts in one's mind are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Threat/control-override symptoms refer to the belief that external forces or others are controlling one's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors, or implanting thoughts. This is commonly associated with certain psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia.

Question 14

There are two aspects related to the purpose of the sexually violent predator civil commitment laws (SVP laws). One is the state's authority to protect the citizenry, also referred to as _____ power. The second component is the state's duty to protect those who cannot protect themselves, sometimes referred to as _____ power.

Accepted Answer

The correct terms are "police power" for the state's authority to protect its citizens and "parens patriae" for the state's duty to protect those who cannot protect themselves.

Question 15

Actuarial instruments _____ unstructured clinical judgment in predicting violence, though scientists raised some concerns about _____.

Accepted Answer

Actuarial instruments are statistical tools that often outperform unstructured clinical judgment in predicting violence, but there are concerns about their generalizability to different populations or settings.

Question 16

There are some important ways in which involuntary civil commitment is different from criminal confinement, as both currently exist. Which of the following is NOT one of these differences?

Accepted Answer

The decision-making authority for both involuntary civil commitment and criminal confinement ultimately lies with the courts, not psychiatrists. Psychiatrists may provide expert testimony or recommendations in civil commitment proceedings, but the final decision is made by a judge or a court.

Question 17

Many states and the federal government have passed sexually violent predator civil commitment laws (SVP laws). The basis of these laws is to protect vulnerable citizens, or exercise the _____ power, and to restrain violent individuals, or exercise the state's _____ power.

Accepted Answer

Parens patriae power refers to the state's role as protector of citizens who are unable to protect themselves, while police power refers to the state's capacity to regulate behavior and enforce order within its territory for the betterment of the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of its inhabitants.

Question 18

The movement to release mentally ill patients from hospitals is called:

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization refers to the policy of moving mentally ill patients out of state-run institutions and then closing part or all of those institutions; it aimed to treat mentally ill patients in community-based settings to improve treatment outcomes and patients' quality of life.

Question 19

In Kansas v. Crane (2002), the Supreme Court has clarified the Hendricks conditions for involuntary civil commitment of sexually violent predators. In addition to the mental illness and future danger requirements, the following condition was added:

Accepted Answer

In Kansas v. Crane, the Supreme Court clarified that, in addition to proving that a person suffers from a mental illness and poses a future danger to the community, there must also be evidence that the person has serious difficulty in controlling behavior. This is to ensure that the civil commitment of sexually violent predators is constitutionally sound by demonstrating a lack of control over dangerous behavior, distinguishing them from individuals who simply have a history of criminality or mental illness.

Question 20

The _____, which was submitted by the American Psychiatric Association in Barefoot v. Estelle (1983), summarized five studies indicating that expert predictions of future dangerousness were _____.

Accepted Answer

The correct choice is the amicus curiae brief submitted by the American Psychiatric Association in Barefoot v. Estelle, which summarized studies showing that expert predictions of future dangerousness were incorrect 2 out of 3 times.

Quiz 15: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Although _ produce(s) more accurate predictions, most research on jurors' reactions to risk assessment evidence finds that _ impact on jurors' ratings of dangerousness.

According to the text, as of 2013, _ states and the federal government adopted sexually violent predator _ laws (SVP laws) .

In Kansas v. Hendricks (1997) , the Supreme Court was contemplating whether SVP laws violate double jeopardy. In a _ ruling, the Court decided that such laws do not create _.

Regarding risk assessment, which of the following is an example of a false negative?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a historical, or "static," marker?

The rate at which an event occurs in a given population is called the _____ rate.

According to a report completed by Gookin (2007) , nearly _ have been incarcerated as a result of the SVP laws in the United States since 1990. As of 2007, _ of them have been released.

An individual who has a "recurrent, intense sexual urge or behavior involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children" is classified as a:

In capital sentencing, expert testimony mainly focuses on the defendant's potential _. In Barefoot v. Estelle (1983) , the Supreme Court ruled that such testimony was admissible because jurors are capable of _.

_ was the first person to be subjected to the _ laws (SVP laws) .

In which of the following cases did the Court extend the Tarasoff requirement by deciding that information provided by a family member of an adult client and not by the client could trigger the "duty to protect" requirement?

Beliefs that other people or forces are controlling one's thoughts or implanting thoughts in one's mind are referred to as:

Actuarial instruments _ unstructured clinical judgment in predicting violence, though scientists raised some concerns about _.

There are some important ways in which involuntary civil commitment is different from criminal confinement, as both currently exist. Which of the following is NOT one of these differences?

Many states and the federal government have passed sexually violent predator civil commitment laws (SVP laws) . The basis of these laws is to protect vulnerable citizens, or exercise the _ power, and to restrain violent individuals, or exercise the state's _ power.

The movement to release mentally ill patients from hospitals is called:

In Kansas v. Crane (2002) , the Supreme Court has clarified the Hendricks conditions for involuntary civil commitment of sexually violent predators. In addition to the mental illness and future danger requirements, the following condition was added:

The _, which was submitted by the American Psychiatric Association in Barefoot v. Estelle (1983) , summarized five studies indicating that expert predictions of future dangerousness were _.

Quiz 15: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Although _____ produce(s) more accurate predictions, most research on jurors' reactions to risk assessment evidence finds that _____ impact on jurors' ratings of dangerousness.

According to the text, as of 2013, _____ states and the federal government adopted sexually violent predator _____ laws (SVP laws) .

In Kansas v. Hendricks (1997) , the Supreme Court was contemplating whether SVP laws violate double jeopardy. In a _____ ruling, the Court decided that such laws do not create _____.

Regarding risk assessment, which of the following is an example of a false negative?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a historical, or "static," marker?

The rate at which an event occurs in a given population is called the _____ rate.

According to a report completed by Gookin (2007) , nearly _____ have been incarcerated as a result of the SVP laws in the United States since 1990. As of 2007, _____ of them have been released.

An individual who has a "recurrent, intense sexual urge or behavior involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children" is classified as a:

In capital sentencing, expert testimony mainly focuses on the defendant's potential _____. In Barefoot v. Estelle (1983) , the Supreme Court ruled that such testimony was admissible because jurors are capable of _____.

_____ was the first person to be subjected to the _____ laws (SVP laws) .

In which of the following cases did the Court extend the Tarasoff requirement by deciding that information provided by a family member of an adult client and not by the client could trigger the "duty to protect" requirement?

Beliefs that other people or forces are controlling one's thoughts or implanting thoughts in one's mind are referred to as:

Actuarial instruments _____ unstructured clinical judgment in predicting violence, though scientists raised some concerns about _____.

There are some important ways in which involuntary civil commitment is different from criminal confinement, as both currently exist. Which of the following is NOT one of these differences?

Many states and the federal government have passed sexually violent predator civil commitment laws (SVP laws) . The basis of these laws is to protect vulnerable citizens, or exercise the _____ power, and to restrain violent individuals, or exercise the state's _____ power.

The movement to release mentally ill patients from hospitals is called:

In Kansas v. Crane (2002) , the Supreme Court has clarified the Hendricks conditions for involuntary civil commitment of sexually violent predators. In addition to the mental illness and future danger requirements, the following condition was added:

The _____, which was submitted by the American Psychiatric Association in Barefoot v. Estelle (1983) , summarized five studies indicating that expert predictions of future dangerousness were _____.

Although _ produce(s) more accurate predictions, most research on jurors' reactions to risk assessment evidence finds that _ impact on jurors' ratings of dangerousness.

According to the text, as of 2013, _ states and the federal government adopted sexually violent predator _ laws (SVP laws) .

In Kansas v. Hendricks (1997) , the Supreme Court was contemplating whether SVP laws violate double jeopardy. In a _ ruling, the Court decided that such laws do not create _.

According to a report completed by Gookin (2007) , nearly _ have been incarcerated as a result of the SVP laws in the United States since 1990. As of 2007, _ of them have been released.

In capital sentencing, expert testimony mainly focuses on the defendant's potential _. In Barefoot v. Estelle (1983) , the Supreme Court ruled that such testimony was admissible because jurors are capable of _.

_ was the first person to be subjected to the _ laws (SVP laws) .

Actuarial instruments _ unstructured clinical judgment in predicting violence, though scientists raised some concerns about _.

Many states and the federal government have passed sexually violent predator civil commitment laws (SVP laws) . The basis of these laws is to protect vulnerable citizens, or exercise the _ power, and to restrain violent individuals, or exercise the state's _ power.

The _, which was submitted by the American Psychiatric Association in Barefoot v. Estelle (1983) , summarized five studies indicating that expert predictions of future dangerousness were _.