Question 1

The killing of ______ in a California prison is believed to have instigated the Attica prison riot.

Accepted Answer

The killing of George Jackson, a prominent Black Panther Party member, in a California prison in 1971 is believed to have been a catalyst for the Attica prison riot.

Question 2

______, a White supremacist gang, was started back in 1967 by inmates who wanted to oppose the racial threat of Black and Hispanic gangs.

Accepted Answer

The Aryan Brotherhood is a notorious White supremacist gang that was formed in 1967 by inmates in the San Quentin State Prison, California, with the primary aim of protecting white inmates from Black and Hispanic gangs.

Question 3

______ courts are specialized courts that help offenders readjust to living in society.

Accepted Answer

Reentry courts are specialized courts designed to help offenders transition back into society successfully, reducing the chances of recidivism by providing them with the necessary support and resources.

Question 4

Which of the following gangs have a significant presence on the streets and in prisons?

Accepted Answer

The Bloods are a well-known street gang with a significant presence both on the streets and in prisons. The other options listed do not correspond to widely recognized gangs with such a presence.

Question 5

Most of the newest prisons across the country have been built where?

Accepted Answer

Most of the newest prisons have been constructed in rural areas, often as a means to stimulate local economies through job creation and infrastructure development.

Question 6

Both______ and landowners profited from the convict lease system.

Accepted Answer

States and landowners profited from the convict lease system by leasing out prisoners to work, often in harsh conditions, which provided cheap labor and income.

Question 7

Which one of the following represents the largest growth of recent state budgetary spending?

Accepted Answer

Corrections have seen significant growth in state budgetary spending due to increasing incarceration rates and associated costs.

Question 8

Which group represents the largest share of correctional officers in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Whites represent the largest share of correctional officers in the United States, reflecting broader demographic trends in law enforcement and corrections employment.

Question 9

The majority of the offenders in state and federal correctional institutions are ______.

Accepted Answer

The majority of the offenders in state and federal correctional institutions are Blacks and Hispanics.

Question 10

In the Supreme Court case ______, it was ruled that segregating offenders according to race was unconstitutional.

Accepted Answer

Johnson v. California (2005) ruled that the California Department of Corrections' policy of racially segregating prisoners violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 11

______ is the term used to describe the most secure correctional facilities in America.

Accepted Answer

Supermax is the term used to describe the most secure correctional facilities in America, designed to house the most dangerous inmates under the strictest conditions.

Question 12

Alfred Blumstein's research in the 1980s revealed that, after controlling for a host of variables, ______ of racial disparities in prison populations was left unexplained.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alfred Blumstein's research in the 1980s revealed...

Question 13

Which Supreme Court case ruled that Black Muslims should have access to religious literature in prison facilities?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which Supreme Court case ruled that Black...

Question 14

Recent polls have found that the views of this group on punitiveness fall between those of Blacks and Whites.

Accepted Answer

Recent polls indicate that Hispanics' views on punitiveness are intermediate, falling between those of Blacks and Whites.

Question 15

______ were instrumental in founding the first American prison.

Accepted Answer

Quakers were instrumental in founding the first American prison, as part of their efforts to reform the criminal justice system and introduce more humane treatment of prisoners.

Question 16

Where did American corrections have its origins?

Accepted Answer

American corrections have their origins in European workhouses, which were institutions designed to reform individuals through work.

Question 17

The term ______ is used to describe the swift and unfair manner in which political prisoners are processed into the criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

The term "railroaded" is used to describe the process of quickly and unfairly pushing someone through the criminal justice system, often without a fair trial or due process.

Question 18

Blacks have been overrepresented in prisons since what period?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Blacks have been overrepresented in prisons since...

Question 19

Most people who are under correctional supervision are ______.

Accepted Answer

Most people under correctional supervision are on probation, which allows them to live in their communities under specific conditions instead of being incarcerated. Probation is a common form of correctional supervision, outnumbering those who are incarcerated.

Question 20

Which of the following is a myth about incarceration?

Accepted Answer

The myth that crime has fallen in the United States because incarceration has risen overlooks the complex factors that influence crime rates, such as economic conditions, policing strategies, and social programs. Research has shown that increased incarceration has had a limited impact on reducing crime, and in some cases, it may not be the most effective strategy.

Quiz 8: Corrections