Question 1

When an injury results from a direct blow to the skull and the injured tissues lie beneath the point of contact, the injury is considered a ____________.
A) coup injury
B) contrecoup injury
C) contralateral injury
D) concussive injury

Accepted Answer

A coup injury occurs when the injury is directly beneath the point of impact on the skull, typically caused by a direct blow.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is not true with respect to head injury?
A) Concussions are caused by direct blows to the head or elsewhere in the body resulting in sudden, turbulent, and mechanical loading of the cerebral hemisphere.
B) Impacts between the cortex and bony walls of the skull can cause immediate and short-lived impairment of neurological function.
C) Signs and symptoms associated with concussions typically do not resolve sequentially.
D) Concussion is most often associated with normal results on conventional neuroimaging studies.

Accepted Answer

Signs and symptoms associated with concussions typically resolve sequentially, meaning they follow a predictable pattern over time, contrary to what option C suggests.

Question 3

Diffuse brain injuries typically arise following which of the following mechanisms of injury?
A) Moments of successive acceleration and deceleration
B) Movement of the brain that occurs linearly or rotationally
C) Shaking of the brain within the skull
D) A & C
E) A, B, & C

Accepted Answer

Diffuse brain injuries, such as diffuse axonal injury (DAI), often result from mechanisms that involve movement of the brain within the skull, including acceleration and deceleration moments, linear or rotational movements, and shaking. These mechanisms can cause shearing forces that damage brain cells and axons throughout various regions of the brain.

Question 4

Diffuse axonal injury, the most severe type of diffuse brain injury, typically results in ___________.
A) decreased concentration
B) decreased memory
C) decreased cognitive function
D) A & B
E) A, B, & C

Accepted Answer

Diffuse axonal injury, a severe form of brain injury, affects the brain at a more global level, leading to widespread impairment including decreased concentration, memory, and overall cognitive function.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes what a cerebral concussion is?
A) Transient neurological dysfunction resulting from applied force to the head
B) Having your bell rung by a head-to-head collision during a football game
C) Experiencing periods of amnesia following a direct head impact
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes what...

Question 6

Which of the following stresses are fairly well tolerated by neural tissue?
A) Compressive
B) Shear
C) Tensile
D) Rotational

Accepted Answer

Neural tissue, such as that found in the brain and spinal cord, is relatively well adapted to withstand compressive forces due to the protective structures surrounding it, like the skull and vertebral column, which help distribute these forces.

Question 7

When we discuss concussions, the term traumatic brain injury is often used. How many classifications exist for focal brain injury?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6

Accepted Answer

The answer of When we discuss concussions, the term traumatic...

Question 8

The colloquial terms "got dinged" or "got his bell rung" are often used to describe __________.
A) a stunned, confused state that resolves in minutes
B) a full-blown concussion
C) a concussion resulting in very-short lived signs and symptoms
D) A & C
E) A, B, & C

Accepted Answer

These terms typically refer to a mild traumatic brain injury or a concussion that might result in a stunned or confused state or symptoms that resolve quickly, encompassing both options A and C.

Question 9

Signs and symptoms of focal vascular injuries include________.
A) loss of consciousness
B) cranial nerve deficits
C) heightened mental status
D) A & B
E) A & C

Accepted Answer

Signs and symptoms of focal vascular injuries can include loss of consciousness and cranial nerve deficits, as these injuries can affect specific areas of the brain responsible for consciousness and cranial nerve function. Heightened mental status is not typically associated with focal vascular injuries.

Question 10

Focal brain injuries include which of the following medical conditions?
A) Subdural hematomas
B) Cerebral contusions
C) Intracerebral hemorrhaging
D) Intracerebral hematomas
E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Focal brain injuries are localized to a specific area of the brain and can result from various types of trauma or conditions. Subdural hematomas, cerebral contusions, intracerebral hemorrhaging, and intracerebral hematomas are all examples of focal brain injuries, as they affect specific areas of the brain.

Question 11

At what point should a grade for a concussion be established?
A) Immediately following the injury and during the initial evaluation
B) Immediately following serial evaluations that are taking place on the sidelines
C) One week following the initial injury
D) After symptoms have completely resolved themselves

Accepted Answer

A concussion grade should be established after symptoms have completely resolved to ensure an accurate assessment of the injury's severity and to guide appropriate management and return-to-play decisions.

Question 12

__________ typically do not present with macroscopic brain lesions and will involve global disruption of neurological function.
A) Diffuse brain injury
B) Focal brain injury
C) Subdural hematoma
D) Intracranial bleeding

Accepted Answer

Diffuse brain injury, unlike focal brain injuries or specific types of bleeding in the brain, does not typically present with macroscopic (visible to the naked eye) brain lesions. Instead, it involves a more global disruption of neurological function, affecting widespread areas of the brain.

Question 13

When describing the mechanism of injury for severe diffuse brain injuries, it has been determined that the primary loading that is occurring involves __________.
A) rotational acceleration
B) rotational deceleration
C) rotational acceleration and deceleration
D) linear compression and decompression

Accepted Answer

Severe diffuse brain injuries often result from rotational acceleration and deceleration forces. These forces cause different parts of the brain to move at different speeds, leading to shearing and tearing of brain tissue and axons, which is characteristic of diffuse axonal injury (DAI).

Question 14

___________ are posttraumatic intracranial mass lesions that may include subdural hematomas.
A) Focal brain injuries
B) Diffuse brain injuries
C) Cerebral contusions
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Focal brain injuries are localized to a specific area of the brain and can include mass lesions such as subdural hematomas.

Question 15

Which of the following are not applied forces typically responsible for injury to the brain?
A) Compressive
B) Shear
C) Tensile
D) Rotational

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are not applied...

Question 16

What are the key elements in causing coup and contrecoup injuries to the brain?
A) Involvement of cerebrospinal fluid
B) Brain lag and disproportionate distribution of cerebrospinal fluid during movement
C) Whether or not the head is moving prior to impact
D) A & C only
E) A, B, & C

Accepted Answer

Coup and contrecoup injuries are caused by the brain moving within the skull, which can be influenced by the involvement of cerebrospinal fluid (A), the lag of the brain and the disproportionate distribution of cerebrospinal fluid during rapid head movements (B), and whether the head was moving prior to impact (C). These factors contribute to the brain striking the interior of the skull at the site of impact (coup injury) and on the opposite side (contrecoup injury).

Question 17

_______ is the most common sports-related traumatic brain injury.
A) Cerebral concussion
B) Subdural hematoma
C) Intracranial bleeding
D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

Cerebral concussion is the most common type of sports-related traumatic brain injury. It occurs due to a blow to the head or a sudden jolt that causes the brain to move rapidly inside the skull, leading to temporary loss of normal brain function.

Question 18

___________ forces acting on the brain involve forces moving across parallel tissue organization.
A) Compressive
B) Shear
C) Tensile
D) Rotational

Accepted Answer

Shear forces involve movement across the parallel organization of brain tissues, often leading to injuries such as diffuse axonal injury by causing tissues to slide over one another.

Question 19

When an athlete's head hits an unyielding object producing maximum brain injury opposite the site of cranial impact due to the rebound, the brain injury is classified as a ___________.
A) coup injury
B) contrecoup injury
C) contralateral injury
D) concussive injury

Accepted Answer

A contrecoup injury occurs when the force of impact is strong enough to cause damage on the opposite side of the brain from where the impact occurred, due to the brain rebounding inside the skull.

Question 20

Mild concussions will typically not result in _________.
A) alterations in mental status
B) impairments in cognitive function
C) dizziness and tinnitus
D) significant loss of gross motor coordination

Accepted Answer

Mild concussions can indeed cause alterations in mental status, impairments in cognitive function, and symptoms like dizziness and tinnitus. However, they typically do not result in a significant loss of gross motor coordination. Gross motor skills involve larger movements of the arms, legs, feet, or the entire body, which are generally not significantly impaired by mild concussions.

Quiz 5: Head Injuries

When an injury results from a direct blow to the skull and the injured tissues lie beneath the point of contact, the injury is considered a ____________.

Which of the following statements is not true with respect to head injury?

Diffuse brain injuries typically arise following which of the following mechanisms of injury?

Diffuse axonal injury, the most severe type of diffuse brain injury, typically results in ___________.

Which of the following best describes what a cerebral concussion is?

Which of the following stresses are fairly well tolerated by neural tissue?

When we discuss concussions, the term traumatic brain injury is often used. How many classifications exist for focal brain injury?

The colloquial terms "got dinged" or "got his bell rung" are often used to describe __________.

Signs and symptoms of focal vascular injuries include________.

Focal brain injuries include which of the following medical conditions?

At what point should a grade for a concussion be established?

__________ typically do not present with macroscopic brain lesions and will involve global disruption of neurological function.

When describing the mechanism of injury for severe diffuse brain injuries, it has been determined that the primary loading that is occurring involves __________.

___________ are posttraumatic intracranial mass lesions that may include subdural hematomas.

Which of the following are not applied forces typically responsible for injury to the brain?

What are the key elements in causing coup and contrecoup injuries to the brain?

_______ is the most common sports-related traumatic brain injury.

___________ forces acting on the brain involve forces moving across parallel tissue organization.

When an athlete's head hits an unyielding object producing maximum brain injury opposite the site of cranial impact due to the rebound, the brain injury is classified as a ___________.

Mild concussions will typically not result in _________.