[Union Avoidance] Nadine Owned and Operated a Large Book Store

[Union Avoidance] Nadine owned and operated a large book store with 50 employees. She was aware of union organization attempts. She prohibited any discussion of the union and the distribution of literature at any time, including during employee breaks and lunches in the employee break room. She told employees that she would refuse to grant a raise to any employee who supported the union. Nadine was extremely unhappy when the union obtained enough signatures indicating an interest to be represented by the union. Nadine still refused to recognized the union, and the union organizers petitioned the National Labor Relations Board for a representation election. At that point, she promised employees that she would give a $1,000 bonus to any employee who voted against the union. Surprisingly to Nadine, employees who voted overwhelmingly supported the union. On the other hand, employees who voted failed to constitute all employees of the book store. A number of employees were absent on the day of the election and did not vote. Nadine stated that it was her understanding that the union would not be certified as the bargaining representative of the employees because fewer than 50% of the total number of the store employees voted for the union. Nadine further stated that, in any event, she would not deal with the union under any circumstances.
-In which of the following ways did the union likely go about establishing sufficient employee support for a union election?

A) Through the use of signed authorization cards.
B) Through the use of petitions signed by employees.
C) Through the use of signed affidavits by union officials stating that a majority of the employees supported the union.
D) Through telephone polls conducted by the National Labor Relations Board indicating that the employees supported the union.
E) Through ballots mailed to the National Labor Relations Board indicating sufficient employee support for a union.