Question 1

Due process stems from the ______ and Fourteenth Amendments.

Accepted Answer

Due process is a constitutional guarantee that prevents governments from impacting citizens in an unfair, arbitrary way, and it is specifically mentioned in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution.

Question 2

There is no right to attorney for ______.

Accepted Answer

The right to an attorney does not extend to photographic identifications, as they are not considered a critical stage of the prosecution where the presence of counsel is required.

Question 3

When attempting to determine the identity of the criminal, police may present a single suspect to a victim or witness.This type of identification procedure is known as a/an ______.

Accepted Answer

A showup is a procedure where police present a single suspect to a victim or witness for identification, as opposed to a lineup, where multiple individuals are presented simultaneously or sequentially for comparison.

Question 4

______ is our personal story of what happened.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______ is our personal story of what...

Question 5

All of the following are forms of eyewitness identification except ______.

Accepted Answer

Drive-bys are not a recognized or formal method of eyewitness identification in the legal system. Lineups, photographic identification, and showups are all standard procedures used for eyewitnesses to identify suspects.

Question 6

Which of the following Amendments provides defendants with the assistance of counsel?

Accepted Answer

The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the rights of criminal defendants, including the right to a public trial without unnecessary delay, the right to a lawyer, the right to an impartial jury, and the right to know who your accusers are and the nature of the charges and evidence against you.

Question 7

Of the factors of misidentification identified by psychologists, the fact that many people are unable to accurately identify distinguishing characteristics of someone of a different race falls into which category?

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the "cross-race effect" or "own-race bias," where individuals are generally better at recognizing faces of their own race than those of other races. It is considered an offender factor because it relates to the characteristics of the person being identified (the offender), rather than the specifics of the crime, the situation of the offense, or the characteristics of the victim.

Question 8

People innocent of a particular offense who are recruited by the police to participate in the lineup are referred to as all of the following except ______.

Accepted Answer

Fillers, distractors, and foils are terms used to describe individuals who are included in police lineups to ensure that the lineup is fair and not biased towards the suspect. These individuals are known to be innocent of the offense in question. The term "decoys" is not commonly used in this context.

Question 9

Of the factors of misidentification identified by psychologists, the fact that victim perception is limited due to the relative speed of a crime falls into which category?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the factors of misidentification identified by...

Question 10

Using hair analysis to identify a perpetrator of a crime is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

Hair analysis is a form of scientific identification used in forensic science to help identify individuals involved in a crime. It involves examining the characteristics of hair found at a crime scene and comparing them with samples from suspects.

Question 11

Which of the following refers to observing the crime?

Accepted Answer

Perception refers to the process of observing or taking in information through the senses, which would include observing a crime.

Question 12

Scientific identification techniques are useful for eliminating innocent suspects, also known as ______.

Accepted Answer

Exoneration is the correct term because it refers to the act of clearing someone from blame or fault, particularly in the context of legal proceedings or accusations. Scientific identification techniques can help to prove the innocence of suspects, thereby exonerating them.

Question 13

The ______ Amendment protects individuals against being required to disclose information or what is termed testimonial evidence.

Accepted Answer

The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution includes protections against self-incrimination, which means it protects individuals from being compelled to provide testimonial evidence against themselves.

Question 14

Unintentionally or intentionally influencing a witness's identification via body language or tone of voice is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

Suggestiveness refers to the act of unintentionally or intentionally influencing a witness's identification through non-verbal cues such as body language or tone of voice, leading them towards a particular answer or identification.

Question 15

When victims or eyewitnesses view a group of individuals and are then asked to identify the perpetrator, they are using which form of identification?

Accepted Answer

A lineup is when victims or eyewitnesses view a group of individuals to identify the perpetrator.

Question 16

Asking the question "did any of these individuals commit the crime?" is a part of the ______ eyewitness identification.

Accepted Answer

Asking if any of the individuals committed the crime is part of a lineup process, where multiple individuals are presented simultaneously or sequentially to a witness for identification of a suspect.

Question 17

Which of the following is the primary cause of false convictions?

Accepted Answer

Eyewitness misidentification has been identified as the leading cause of wrongful convictions proven by DNA evidence. Studies and cases have shown that mistakes in eyewitness identification can lead to innocent people being wrongly convicted.

Question 18

The act of a victim comparing one person to another in a lineup, then pointing to one person in the lineup who most closely resembles the offender, whether the person actually is the offender is not, is known as which type of threat to accuracy identification?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The act of a victim comparing one...

Question 19

Of the factors of misidentification identified by psychologists, the fact that a victim may be too nervous to focus sufficiently on an offender to accurately remember the offender's distinguishing characteristics falls into which category?

Accepted Answer

This scenario is categorized under victim factors because it directly relates to the state and condition of the victim during the crime, affecting their ability to accurately recall details about the offender.

Question 20

The three stages of eyewitness identification include all of the following except ______.

Accepted Answer

The three stages of eyewitness identification typically include perception, memory, and identification. Accusation is not considered a stage in this process. Perception involves witnessing the event, memory refers to retaining the information, and identification involves recalling and recognizing the perpetrator.

Quiz 9: Eyewitness and Scientific Identifications