Question 1

Children and parents influence each other's behavior.

Accepted Answer

This is because of the bidirectional nature of parent-child relationships, where both parents influence their children's behavior and attitudes, and children also influence their parents' behaviors and parenting styles.

Question 2

A father claims that his child "tantrums all of the time." A frequency count would be useful for determining how often the child actually tantrums on a given day.

Accepted Answer

A frequency count is a data collection method used to record the number of times a specific behavior, such as tantrums, occurs within a set period, providing an objective measure of the behavior's frequency.

Question 3

Norms describe specific time periods when children develop certain skills.

Accepted Answer

Norms describe typical patterns of development and provide a general guideline for the average age at which children develop certain skills, but they do not specify specific time periods as development can vary widely among children.

Question 4

Cognitive-developmental theory has influenced our ways of thinking about ____.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-developmental theory has influenced our ways of thinking about how children learn and create meaning, the effect of culture and social interaction on children's development, and the need to individualize instruction.

Question 5

According to Piaget, an infant is in the preoperational stage of development.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, an infant is in the sensorimotor stage of development, not the preoperational stage. The preoperational stage typically starts around age 2.

Question 6

Teachers can use checklists and rating scales to monitor children's developmental progress and to diagnose developmental delays.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Teachers can use checklists and rating scales...

Question 7

Behaviorists have contributed to our understanding of how children construct meaning.

Accepted Answer

Behaviorists focus on observable behaviors and the ways in which they are learned through interaction with the environment, rather than on how children construct meaning internally or cognitively.

Question 8

Which of the following theorists believed that environmental conditions were primarily responsible for children's development?

Accepted Answer

All the theorists mentioned have theories that emphasize the role of environmental conditions in children's development. Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory focuses on the different layers of environment affecting a child's development, Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the influence of social interactions and culture, and Skinner's behaviorist theory highlights the impact of environmental stimuli on behavior through conditioning.

Question 9

Any delay in responding to a child's needs is likely to have a negative effect on his or her self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Any delay in responding to a child's...

Question 10

A toddler hops and claps his hands after observing his father do the same (hoping and clapping).This example illustrates the concept of ____.

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates the concept of reciprocal interactions, where the child is learning and mimicking behaviors by observing and responding to the actions of others, in this case, the father.

Question 11

Vygotsky suggested that children's "self-talk" ____.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky believed that children's self-talk is an important step in the acquisition of language, as it allows them to practice and develop their language skills.

Question 12

Authentic assessment includes all of the following strategies except ____.

Accepted Answer

Authentic assessment focuses on evaluating a child's learning through real-life applications, observations, and interactions rather than through standardized tests, which are more about measuring against a common standard rather than individual progress and context.

Question 13

Discrete behaviors can be observed.

Accepted Answer

Discrete behaviors are specific and identifiable actions that can be observed and recorded, making them distinguishable from continuous or less defined behaviors.

Question 14

Erikson used the term "ego identity" to describe a person's ____.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's concept of "ego identity" refers to an individual's sense of self-awareness and understanding of their place in the world, which aligns with option C.

Question 15

____ is best known for his cognitive-developmental theories of child development.

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget is renowned for his pioneering work in the field of cognitive development in children, focusing on how they develop intellectual abilities.

Question 16

All humans have the same essential needs.

Accepted Answer

All humans share basic needs such as food, water, shelter, and safety, as outlined in theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs. These needs are fundamental for survival and well-being.

Question 17

Gender roles and behavior are determined purely by genetics.

Accepted Answer

Gender roles and behavior are influenced by a combination of genetics, socialization, culture, and individual choices, not determined purely by genetics.

Question 18

Which of the following theorists would argue that children's development is genetically determined?

Accepted Answer

Gesell argued that development is primarily determined by genetics, emphasizing the role of nature over nurture in child development.

Question 19

Maturation is biologically based (for the most part) and explains such things as learning to sit up, crawl, and walk.

Accepted Answer

Maturation refers to the process of development in which an individual matures or reaches full functionality. This process is largely biologically based, governing physical growth and development of the body and brain, which in turn enable milestones such as sitting up, crawling, and walking. These milestones typically occur in a predictable sequence, influenced by genetic factors, and are less affected by environmental factors, except in cases of severe deprivation or illness.

Question 20

Children learn and form meaning through play.

Accepted Answer

Play is a fundamental way through which children explore, understand, and interact with the world around them, helping in cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development.

Quiz 1: Child Development Theories and Data Gathering