Question 1

Identities are

Accepted Answer

Identities are not fixed; they are understood to be fluid and multiple, changing over time and in different contexts. This reflects the contemporary understanding of identity as being shaped by a variety of factors including social, cultural, and personal experiences, rather than being solely determined by biological or immutable characteristics.

Question 2

Unlike indigenous peoples, the term ________ highlights the prominence that the exclusion of strangers has assumed in day-to-day politics worldwide and has been claimed by majority groups in Europe.

Accepted Answer

The term "autochthony" is used to highlight the prominence of excluding strangers in day-to-day politics worldwide, especially as claimed by majority groups in Europe. It emphasizes a sense of original or native belonging in contrast to outsiders or immigrants.

Question 3

Social movements worldwide have adopted which term as a self-identifying label based on past oppression but now legitimizing a search for social, cultural, and political rights?

Accepted Answer

Indigenous people is the term adopted by social movements worldwide as a self-identifying label. It is based on past oppression but now legitimizes a search for social, cultural, and political rights, recognizing the unique cultures and challenges faced by these groups.

Question 4

Contemporary, applied ecological anthropologists work to plan and implement policies aimed at environmental preservation. They also advocate for people who are at risk, actually or potentially. One of the roles for today's environmental anthropologist is to assess the extent and nature of risk perception and to harness that awareness to combat environmental degradation.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the role of contemporary, applied ecological anthropologists. They work towards environmental preservation, advocate for at-risk populations, and assess risk perception to combat environmental degradation.

Question 5

Although anthropologists may be interested in contemporary global issues such as climate change, their perspective is necessarily limited to the local scale of their fieldwork.

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists study both local and global scales, and they often explore how global issues like climate change impact local communities, as well as how local practices and adaptations can have global implications.

Question 6

Diseases that spread from animals to humans are known as zoonotic diseases.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Zoonotic diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites or prions and can be transmitted from animals to humans through direct contact, through contaminated food or water, or through insect vectors such as ticks or mosquitoes. Some examples of zoonotic diseases include Ebola, Zika virus, Lyme disease, and salmonellosis.

Question 7

Although acculturation can be applied to any case of cultural contact and change, the term most often has described Westernization, the positive influence of Western expansion that has spread democratic and capitalistic values to those less fortunate.

Accepted Answer

Acculturation refers to the process of cultural change and psychological change that results following meeting between cultures. The term does not inherently describe Westernization or imply a positive influence of Western expansion spreading democratic and capitalistic values. It is a neutral process that can involve various cultures influencing each other in multiple ways, not just Western influence on other cultures.

Question 8

Global warming is primarily due to increased solar radiation, not human activity.

Accepted Answer

The overwhelming scientific consensus is that global warming is primarily caused by human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels which releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, trapping heat and warming the planet. While solar radiation does play a role in climate change, it is a minor factor compared to human activity.

Question 9

In Spanish-speaking Latin America, social scientists and politicians favor which term over indio (Indian), the colonial term that the Spanish and Portuguese conquerors used to refer to the native inhabitants of the Americas?

Accepted Answer

The term "indígena" is preferred over "indio" as it is considered more respectful and accurate in referring to the native inhabitants of the Americas. It acknowledges their original presence and distinct cultures without the colonial connotations associated with "indio."

Question 10

Worldwide, concern about environmental and technological risks is more developed in groups that are less endangered by those risks.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the "white male effect" or the "white male bias," where privileged groups (such as white males in Western societies) tend to underestimate risks while marginalized groups (such as minority populations, low-income communities, and women) are more aware and concerned about risks that directly affect them. However, this is not an absolute pattern and there are exceptions.

Question 11

Scientists prefer the term climate change to global warming. Climate change points out that, beyond rising temperatures, there have been changes in sea levels, precipitation, storms, and ecosystem effects.

Accepted Answer

This is because the term climate change encompasses a wider scope of changes beyond just rising temperatures.

Question 12

________ describes the process of viewing an identity as established, real, and frozen, so as to hide the historical processes and politics within which that identity developed.

Accepted Answer

Essentialism is the concept that refers to the belief in the inherent, fixed nature of identities, ignoring the historical and social contexts that shape and evolve these identities over time.

Question 13

Development projects usually fail when they try to replace indigenous institutions with culturally alien concepts.

Accepted Answer

Development experts often overlook the existing cultural, social, and political institutions of the community they are working with, which leads to the introduction of foreign concepts that do not resonate with the locals. As a result, the project fails to take root, and the intended outcomes are not achieved. It is vital to respect and integrate indigenous institutions and values into development initiatives for success.

Question 14

Cultural forces are indigenized when native traditions are presented to and appreciated by the former colonialists, who then acknowledge these forces as indigenous or native.

Accepted Answer

Indigenization refers to the process by which foreign cultural elements are adapted and integrated into local cultures, not merely acknowledged by former colonialists.

Question 15

Ethnoecology is any society's set of environmental practices and perceptions-that is, its cultural model of the environment and its relation to people and society.

Accepted Answer

Ethnoecology is defined as the environmental practices and perceptions of a society, which includes cultural models of the environment and its relationship to people and society.

Question 16

The spread of environmentalism may expose radically different notions about the rights and values of plants and animals versus humans. Fortunately, it is clear to everyone that certain animal rights trump other rights.

Accepted Answer

The statement that it is clear to everyone that certain animal rights trump other rights is not accurate. There is significant debate and differing opinions on the extent and nature of animal rights, especially when they are weighed against human interests and other rights.

Question 17

The last 30 years have seen a dramatic shift in the conditions of indigenous peoples in Latin America, where the push by indigenous peoples for self-identification has emphasized all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The push by indigenous peoples in Latin America has not emphasized an implicit call for excluding strangers. Instead, their movements have generally focused on affirming their cultural distinctiveness, seeking limited self-government, advocating for political reforms, and emphasizing sustainable development and political representation, all aimed at inclusivity and recognition within the broader national and international context.

Question 18

________ is any society's set of environmental practices and perceptions-that is, its cultural model of the environment and its relation to people and society.

Accepted Answer

Ethnoecology is the study of how different societies understand and interact with their environments, encompassing their environmental practices and perceptions.

Question 19

Modern technology plays an important role in both facilitating cultural imperialism and resisting it.

Accepted Answer

Modern technology, especially social media and the internet, has made it easier for dominant cultures to spread their ideas and values globally, potentially leading to cultural imperialism. However, technology can also be used by marginalized groups to resist and challenge dominant cultural narratives, providing a platform for more diverse and inclusive voices to be heard.

Question 20

When people are asked to give up the basis of their livelihood, they usually comply, especially if they are paid money.

Accepted Answer

People often resist giving up the basis of their livelihood, even when offered money, due to factors like emotional attachment, cultural significance, and skepticism about the adequacy of compensation.

Quiz 19: Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World