Question 1

The tibialis posterior muscle is located in which compartment of the leg?

Accepted Answer

The tibialis posterior muscle is located in the deep portion of the posterior compartment of the leg, where it plays a crucial role in stabilizing the ankle and supporting the arch of the foot.

Question 2

All the following are contents of the femoral triangle EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The answer of All the following are contents of the...

Question 3

Which of the following ligaments is firmly attached to the medial meniscus?

Accepted Answer

The tibial collateral ligament (also known as the medial collateral ligament) is firmly attached to the medial meniscus, which is a key structural component in the stability and function of the knee joint. This attachment is significant in the biomechanics of the knee, influencing the movement and stability of the meniscus and the knee joint as a whole.

Question 4

The common fibular portion of the sciatic nerve is formed by the posterior divisions of which roots?

Accepted Answer

The common fibular portion of the sciatic nerve is formed by the posterior divisions of the L4, L5, S1, and S2 nerve roots.

Question 5

At the hip joint which of the following ligaments is shaped like an inverted Y?

Accepted Answer

The iliofemoral ligament, also known as the Y ligament of Bigelow, is shaped like an inverted Y and is a strong ligament of the hip that connects the pelvis to the femur at the front of the joint, helping to prevent hyperextension.

Question 6

The ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery:

Accepted Answer

The ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery joins the hip joint circulation and anastomoses with the inferior gluteal artery, contributing to the blood supply around the hip.

Question 7

Which of the following arteries does NOT contribute branches to the collateral circulation at the knee?

Accepted Answer

The obturator artery does not contribute branches to the collateral circulation at the knee. The collateral circulation around the knee is primarily formed by branches of the femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, and descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex arteries. The obturator artery mainly supplies the medial compartment of the thigh and does not directly contribute to the knee's collateral circulation.

Question 8

The sciatic nerve usually exits from the pelvic cavity by passing:

Accepted Answer

The sciatic nerve typically exits the pelvic cavity by passing below the piriformis muscle. This is a key anatomical relationship important for understanding sciatic nerve pathologies and their implications on lower limb function.

Question 9

Anterior displacement of the tibia may be due to:

Accepted Answer

Anterior displacement of the tibia is typically indicative of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. The ACL is crucial for preventing the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur.

Question 10

Which of the following structures does NOT pass behind the medial malleolus?

Accepted Answer

The great saphenous vein does not pass behind the medial malleolus; instead, it runs along the medial aspect of the leg and thigh, eventually draining into the femoral vein. The other structures listed (flexor digitorum longus tendon, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, and tibialis posterior tendon) all pass behind the medial malleolus as part of the tarsal tunnel.

Question 11

Which of the following muscles is NOT attached to the greater trochanter?

Accepted Answer

The obturator externus does not attach to the greater trochanter; it attaches to the trochanteric fossa of the femur. The other muscles listed (gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, obturator internus, and piriformis) all have attachments on the greater trochanter of the femur.

Question 12

Which of the following nerves is NOT a branch of the sacral plexus?

Accepted Answer

The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is a branch of the lumbar plexus, specifically from the L2-L3 spinal nerves, not the sacral plexus. The sacral plexus gives rise to the other nerves listed: pudendal, sciatic, superior gluteal, and posterior femoral cutaneous.

Question 13

The sartorius muscle functions in:

Accepted Answer

The sartorius muscle is responsible for hip flexion and lateral rotation, as well as assisting in knee flexion.

Question 14

The deep femoral vein drains into which vein?

Accepted Answer

The deep femoral vein, also known as the profunda femoris vein, primarily drains into the femoral vein. This is part of the venous drainage system of the lower limb, where blood from the thigh is collected by the deep femoral vein before it merges with the femoral vein.

Question 15

The lateral stability of the ankle joint is in part provided by the:

Accepted Answer

The calcaneofibular ligament is a key structure in providing lateral stability to the ankle joint, helping to prevent excessive inversion and potential lateral ankle sprains.

Question 16

The chief blood supply to the head of the femur is from which artery?

Accepted Answer

The obturator artery is crucial for supplying blood to the head of the femur, especially in adults, through its acetabular branch. This branch runs through the acetabular notch and into the ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres), providing vital blood flow to the femoral head.

Question 17

Which of the following muscles function in eversion of the foot?

Accepted Answer

The extensor digitorum longus assists in eversion of the foot, along with its primary functions related to extension of the toes and dorsiflexion of the foot.

Question 18

The popliteal fossa is bounded superolaterally by which muscle?

Accepted Answer

The popliteal fossa is bounded superolaterally by the biceps femoris muscle.

Question 19

Which of the following muscles attaches to the calcaneus?

Accepted Answer

The soleus muscle attaches to the calcaneus via the Achilles tendon, playing a crucial role in plantarflexion of the foot.

Question 20

Overabduction of the hip joint is most effectively limited by which ligament?

Accepted Answer

The pubofemoral ligament limits overabduction of the hip joint by tightening during abduction, thus restricting excessive lateral movement of the thigh.

Quiz 4: Lower Limb