Question 1

A set of values, beliefs, goals, norms, and rituals shared by members of an organization is called

Accepted Answer

Corporate culture refers to a set of shared values, beliefs, goals, norms, and rituals within an organization. A strong culture can help guide employee behavior, shape decision-making, and create a sense of identity and community within the organization.

Question 2

Opportunity provides a pressure that may determine ethical decisions in marketing. Opportunity is best thought of as

Accepted Answer

Opportunity in marketing refers to the favorable conditions or situations that may limit barriers or provide rewards. These opportunities can create pressure on marketers to make ethical decisions, as they may be tempted to take advantage of the situation for their own benefit. Therefore, understanding the impact of opportunity is crucial in maintaining ethical standards in marketing.

Question 3

Three factors that influence the ethical decision-making process in marketing include

Accepted Answer

Individual factors, such as personal moral philosophies and values, play a role in influencing ethical decision-making in marketing. Organizational factors, such as the culture and values of the company, can also affect decision-making. Finally, opportunity, including situational variables, can impact the decision-making process. Therefore, choice C includes all three factors that influence ethical decision-making in marketing.

Question 4

When a purchasing agent for Intel is offered a bribe by a silicon manufacturer salesperson,

Accepted Answer

The purchasing agent is faced with an ethical dilemma because accepting the bribe would be a violation of company policy and could lead to legal consequences.

Question 5

Which of the following employees is most responsible for setting the ethical tone for the entire marketing organization?

Accepted Answer

The chief executive officer (CEO) is the highest-ranking officer in the organization and sets the overall tone and culture for the organization, including the marketing department. The CEO should ensure that ethical behavior is a top priority and encourage ethical decision-making throughout the organization.

Question 6

Since most ethical choices pertaining to marketing decisions are jointly made, an organization must ensure its ____ reflects the organization's values, beliefs and norms.

Accepted Answer

The organizational or corporate culture encompasses the values, beliefs, and norms of an organization, which ultimately guide the behavior of individuals within the organization. Therefore, an organization must ensure that its culture reflects ethical values and principles to ensure ethical marketing decisions are made. While having a code of ethics or code of conduct and enforcing ethical standards and screening techniques may be helpful, these policies and procedures are ultimately influenced by the organizational culture. Similarly, employee self-regulation and screening procedures may also be important, but they are only effective if they are supported and reinforced by the organizational culture.

Question 7

Pharmaceutical companies have at times been accused of acting unethically by taking advantage of customers in the area of

Accepted Answer

Pharmaceutical companies have been accused of setting high prices for their products, especially for life-saving drugs, which can lead to people being unable to afford their medications. This has been seen as unethical, as it prioritizes profit over the health and well-being of patients.

Question 8

Ethical choices in business situations are most often made

Accepted Answer

Ethical choices in business situations are best made jointly in work groups and committees. This approach allows for diverse perspectives and input from different individuals with different backgrounds and experiences. It also encourages collaboration and consensus-building, which can lead to a more ethical and responsible decision. Involving both top managers and frontline employees in these discussions can ensure that ethical considerations are incorporated at all levels of the organization.

Question 9

Distribution-related ethical issues arise when marketers

Accepted Answer

When marketers force channel intermediaries to behave in a specific manner, it can lead to ethical issues as the intermediaries may not agree with the actions they are being forced to take. This can lead to conflicts of interest and unfair practices. Other options listed are also potential ethical issues, but B is the best choice as it directly relates to distribution and intermediaries.

Question 10

Tasha recently changed employers within the same industry. At her old company, employees routinely took home company pens, pencils, paperclips, and note pads, and they frequently made personal long-distance calls on company phones. Tasha observes that employees do not engage in such practices at her new company. What Tasha sees is best described as a difference in

Accepted Answer

The difference that Tasha is observing between her old and new company is most likely due to a difference in corporate culture. The practices of taking home company supplies and making personal calls on company phones were likely accepted and even encouraged in the corporate culture of her old company, while they are frowned upon or prohibited in the culture of her new company. The other options, such as significant others or profit objectives, are less likely to explain this observed difference.

Question 11

A cereal company advertises that its newly launched product can lower cholesterol, although the company cannot provide evidence to substantiate this claim. This situation involves an ethical issue related to which element of the marketing mix?

Accepted Answer

The ethical issue related to the claim of reducing cholesterol is related to the promotion element of the marketing mix. The company is making a false and unsupported claim about the benefits of their product.

Question 12

The effect that coworkers have on the ethical decision-making process depends on a person's exposure to ethical and unethical behavior. Which of the following statements about ethical decision making is true?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that exposure to unethical behavior in the workplace can have a negative impact on ethical decision-making, as individuals may become desensitized to unethical behavior or perceive it as the norm. Therefore, the more a person is exposed to unethical activity in the organization, the more likely he or she will behave unethically. Choice A is incorrect as exposure to ethical activity is likely to reinforce ethical behavior. Choice C is not supported by research, as exposure to unethical activity would likely increase awareness of unethical behavior. Choice D is also incorrect, as exposure to ethical activity is likely to reinforce ethical behavior. Choice E is incorrect as research has shown that exposure to ethical and unethical activity does have an effect on decision-making.

Question 13

In response to organizational pressure to perform, Barry used a deceptive sales tactic to obtain a major sales contract. He was surprised that he wasn't punished for his behavior and even received a substantial bonus for securing the contract. Given the same opportunity in the future, Barry will most likely

Accepted Answer

Barry was not punished for using the deceptive sales tactic and was even rewarded with a bonus, which reinforces the behavior. Therefore, it is likely that he will use the same tactic again in the future, as he has learned that it can lead to positive outcomes.

Question 14

At his new job, Carlos notices that everyone places high values on their families and each others' families, birthdays are always celebrated, and flexible schedules are permitted to facilitate family involvement as long as the work is still getting done. Everyone is very relaxed and friendly. Carlos has made several observations about the

Accepted Answer

The description of the workplace values and practices points to the corporate culture, which includes shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors within the organization. The emphasis on family, celebrations, and flexibility all suggest a family-oriented and positive culture.

Question 15

Which of the following statements best summarizes the perspective that most marketing managers have on unethical behavior?

Accepted Answer

Most marketing managers understand the importance of ethical behavior for long-term success and sustainability. They generally believe that unethical conduct is not a viable path to success and tend to avoid unethical opportunities, recognizing the potential for harm to their organization's reputation and the legal risks involved.

Question 16

As a media buyer for the Angelo Agency, Philip knows that no one ever checks to see if his phone calls are business related or personal. With regard to ethical behavior, this situation relates most closely to

Accepted Answer

This situation relates most closely to the opportunity dimension of the fraud triangle, which suggests that fraud occurs when an individual has the opportunity to commit it. In this case, Philip has the opportunity to use his work phone for personal calls without anyone checking to see if they are business related or not. This presents a temptation for him to engage in unethical behavior.

Question 17

According to the text, which of the following is not one of the factors that influence the ethical decision-making processes in a marketing organization?

Accepted Answer

The text clearly states that the global environment is one of the factors that influence the ethical decision-making processes in a marketing organization. Therefore, option B is not correct.

Question 18

Carrie, a new salesperson for Brenham Foods, calls in an order for twice the amount of merchandise that Corner Market requested because she knows that it will increase her sales and will not be noticed by Corner Market. This is an example of how ____ influences ethical decision making.

Accepted Answer

The situation described shows how opportunity can influence ethical decision making, as Carrie is taking advantage of the opportunity to increase her sales by exaggerating Corner Market's order.

Question 19

At times, large retailers such as Walmart may be accused of coercion in dealing with intermediaries because of the amount of power and control these large companies have over many of their suppliers. This is most potentially a ____ -related ethical issue.

Accepted Answer

The issue described in the question relates to the distribution stage of the marketing channel, where Walmart has the power to exert pressure on suppliers to agree to their terms, which can be seen as a form of coercion. This falls under the category of distribution-related ethical issues.

Question 20

All of the following are factors that influence the ethical decision-making process except

Accepted Answer

Salary or wages are not typically considered a factor that influences the ethical decision-making process. The other options listed are commonly recognized as key factors that can impact ethical decision making within an organization.

Quiz 4: Social Responsibility and Ethics in Marketing