Question 1

Which rehabilitative approach allows offenders to serve their sentence in a state-run or for-profit facility in hopes of transitioning to life outside of prison?

Accepted Answer

Halfway houses are facilities that allow offenders to serve part of their sentences in a less restrictive environment, with the goal of easing their transition back into society. These can be state-run or operated by private, for-profit organizations.

Question 2

Probation and parole officers perform very similar functions and, in some cases, combined as single departments in many jurisdictions.

Accepted Answer

Probation and parole officers both supervise individuals convicted of crimes, but at different stages; probation is instead of jail time, while parole is early release from prison. Their functions often overlap, leading to combined departments in many jurisdictions to streamline supervision and services.

Question 3

What do many American citizens view as a shortcoming of the criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do many American citizens view as...

Question 4

What occurs once an offender's risks for recidivism are identified in the risk-need-responsivity model?

Accepted Answer

The risk-need-responsivity model emphasizes tailoring rehabilitation programs to the individual's specific risks and needs to reduce recidivism, hence the implementation of specific treatment interventions based on identified risks.

Question 5

One might describe restorative justice as ______.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice is primarily victim-driven, focusing on addressing the harm caused to the victim and involving them in the process of finding a resolution.

Question 6

Probation and parole officers have very clear distinctions in their roles and functions and experience less stress than other professionals working in the criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

Probation and parole officers often experience high levels of stress due to the challenging nature of their work, which includes managing caseloads of individuals with complex needs and risks, and the roles and functions of probation and parole officers can sometimes overlap, adding to the complexity of their positions.

Question 7

Which of the following does restorative justice emphasize?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following does restorative justice...

Question 8

Programs and principles that operate on the assumption that using trained personnel to identify individual offenders' risk and needs and then responding to those needs with the best combination of services and supervision with the goal of reducing recidivism are referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

The Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model is designed to assess and manage the risk of recidivism among offenders by identifying their individual risks and needs, and then responding with tailored interventions. This approach aims to effectively reduce the likelihood of reoffending by addressing the specific factors that contribute to criminal behavior.

Question 9

In 1878, Massachusetts passed the first probation statute.

Accepted Answer

Massachusetts passed the first probation statute in 1878, establishing a legal system for the supervised release of offenders, marking the formal beginning of probation as a legal practice in the United States.

Question 10

Restorative justice views crime as something that affects victims and ______.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice emphasizes that crime impacts not just the direct victims but the entire community, seeking to heal and restore relationships rather than focusing solely on punishment.

Question 11

There are two possible types of parole violations that can be committed: technical and substantive.

Accepted Answer

Technical violations are breaches of specific parole conditions such as failing to report to a parole officer, while substantive violations involve committing new crimes.

Question 12

In determining an individual's appropriateness for probation supervision, judges only take into consideration the offender's prior record and whether the current offense involved violence of any kind.

Accepted Answer

Judges consider a variety of factors including the offender's prior record, the nature of the current offense, the offender's ties to the community, employment status, family responsibilities, and potential for rehabilitation, among others.

Question 13

The perception that crime affects the community as a whole and that the community must be healed and made whole again through an offender's remorse, service, and restitution is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice emphasizes the idea that crime harms the community and that the process of justice should focus on healing those wounds through the offender's remorse, service, and restitution, rather than solely on punishment.

Question 14

If a person violates the conditions of probation, the judge is only allowed to impose the minimum prison sentence as punishment.

Accepted Answer

When a person violates the conditions of probation, the judge has the discretion to impose a range of penalties, including the original suspended sentence, not just the minimum prison sentence. The specific punishment can vary based on the severity of the violation and the judge's decision.

Question 15

Which of the following is a type of electronic monitoring?

Accepted Answer

Passive electronic monitoring involves the use of electronic devices to monitor individuals remotely without continuous or active supervision. This can include systems that check in on the individual's location or status at specific intervals rather than providing real-time tracking.

Question 16

The U.S.Supreme Court case Morrissey v.Brewer (1972) held that probationers facing violation proceedings are entitled to certain due process protections.

Accepted Answer

Morrissey v. Brewer (1972) dealt with the due process rights of parolees, not probationers, facing revocation proceedings. It established that parolees are entitled to certain procedural safeguards before their parole can be revoked.

Question 17

Victims of crime are among the most important groups of individuals the parole board hears when making a parole determination.

Accepted Answer

Victims of crime are considered a crucial group whose perspectives can significantly influence the parole board's decision-making process, as their testimonies and concerns can provide valuable insights into the impact of the crime and considerations for the offender's potential release.

Question 18

Walter Crofton developed a "ticket of leave" system that allowed prison inmates early release and supervision in the community.

Accepted Answer

Walter Crofton, in the mid-19th century, implemented the "ticket of leave" system in Ireland, which allowed prisoners to be released early under certain conditions, serving as a form of parole and community supervision.

Question 19

Which of the following is thought to be a risk factor for recidivism?

Accepted Answer

Poor marital relationships are considered a risk factor for recidivism because they can contribute to a lack of social support and stability, which are important for successful reintegration into society.

Question 20

The word "probation" stems from the Latin term "probis," which means releasing individuals who promise to return to the court.

Accepted Answer

The word "probation" comes from the Latin word "probatio," meaning the act of proving or testing.

Quiz 14: Corrections in the Community: Probation, Parole, and Other Alternatives to Incarceration