Which of the following are possibly explanations for a positive result in an association study?

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All the options listed are possible explanations for a positive result in an association study. Population stratification can cause spurious associations if the population is not homogenous. Finding the allele that confers risk directly explains a positive result. An allele being in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the risk allele means it is correlated with the risk allele, even if it is not the causative variant itself. Lastly, false positives can occur simply due to the large number of markers examined, where some associations occur by chance.

Which of the Following Are Possibly Explanations for a Positive