Question 1

The exchange of gases and metabolites takes place between blood and other tissues via _______.

Accepted Answer

Capillaries. Capillaries form large networks that accommodate large volumes of blood. The exchange of gases and metabolites takes place through the endothelial barrier of capillaries, not through veins and arteries.

Question 2

General sensory (also known as somatic sensory) pathways feature primary, secondary, and tertiary ___________.

Accepted Answer

Neurons. General sensory pathways feature three sets of neurons-primary, secondary, and tertiary. The tertiary neurons synapse with neurons in the sensory cortex of the brain.

Question 3

Which of the following is true statements about neuroglia?

Accepted Answer

Statements A through D are true about neuroglia.

Question 4

The somatic nervous system controls which activities?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary and reflex activities. The somatic nervous system controls the body's voluntary and reflex activities. The visceral (autonomic) nervous system controls involuntary smooth muscle, minute-to-minute functions of glands, and reactions to emergency situations.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the cardiovascular system is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Veins generally accompany arteries, but in some instances veins are found without companion arteries. All of the other statements are true.

Question 6

The nervous system components that occur at the intercellular junctions of nerve processes or between nerve processes and cells of effector organs are _______________________.

Accepted Answer

Synapses. Synapses occur at the intercellular junctions of nerve processes or between nerve processes and cells of effector organs. Neuroglia are nonreactive nerve cells.

Question 7

Large groupings of lymph nodes are located in the ________________________.

Accepted Answer

Axilla and groin. Lymph nodes are found in groups throughout the body, but two particularly large groupings are in the axilla and groin.

Question 8

The two types of cells that populate the nervous system are _________________.

Accepted Answer

Neurons and neuroglia. Neuroglia and neurons are the primary cells of the nervous system. Leukocytes and erythrocytes are blood cells.

Question 9

An anatomical system consisting of fluid, a pump, and a system to transport fluid is best described as the __________ system.

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular. The cardiovascular system consists of a quantity of fluid, a pump (the heart), and a series of tubes (veins, arteries, and capillaries) that contain the fluid.

Question 10

Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia are terms used to describe which structure?

Accepted Answer

Blood vessels. Most blood vessels consist of three coats, or tunics. Tunica intima is the innermost coat, tunica media is the middle coat, and tunica adventitia is the outer layer.

Question 11

Axons that carry impulses TOWARD the CNS or higher centers are ________________________.

Accepted Answer

Afferent fibers. Afferent fibers are axons that carry impulses toward the CNS or toward higher centers. They also are referred to as sensory or ascending fibers. Efferent fibers are axons that carry impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands.

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes changes in the newborn circulation system at birth?

Accepted Answer

Various fetal veins and arteries close spontaneously. The lungs expand and begin to function at birth. Spontaneously the ductus arteriosus closes and eventually undergoes fibrosis. Similarly the ductus venosus is obliterated, thus closing off the three major fetal shunts between the arterial and venous circuits. The umbilical vein and arteries become thrombosed when the umbilical cord is cut. Pressure in the left atrium increases and closes the flaplike foramen ovale, which becomes fused after time.

Question 13

Neuronal bodies that are grouped and found in the central part of the spinal cord, on the surfaces of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, and scattered throughout the central nervous system are called __________________________.

Accepted Answer

Gray matter. Gray matter is the term for neuronal bodies that are grouped and found in the central part of the spinal cord, on the surfaces of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, and scattered throughout the central nervous system. Neurons are nerve cells. Ganglia are collections of neuronal cell bodies that are outside of the central nervous system.

Question 14

Which of the following is the best general description of the purpose of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Integrate and interpret stimuli and direct the body to respond in the appropriate manner. The human nervous system is a complex and specialized system that reacts to the external and internal environment by integrating and interpreting incoming stimuli and directing the body to respond in the appropriate manner.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are true about smooth muscle.

Question 16

Axons that carry impulses AWAY from the CNS to muscles and glands are _____________________.

Accepted Answer

Efferent fibers. Efferent fibers are axons that carry impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands. They also are referred to as motor or descending fibers. Afferent fibers are axons that carry impulses toward the CNS.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Manufacture of erythrocytes. All of the aforementioned are functions of the lymphatic system, except for C. Erythrocytes are produced in the marrow of long bones.

Question 18

Two types of lymphocytes present in the lymph are ____________________________.

Accepted Answer

B cells and T cells. Lymph contains two types of lymphocytes-B cells and T cells. B cells mature in bone marrow and are carried by the blood to the lymph nodes. T cells mature in the thymus gland and are carried by the blood to the lymph nodes.

Question 19

The component of the nervous system that contains the brain and the spinal cord is the __________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Central. The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is composed of nerves outside of the central nervous system.

Question 20

During fetal development, CO₂/O₂ exchange takes place at the __________________________.

Accepted Answer

Placenta. During fetal development, the lungs are not functioning. CO₂/O₂ exchange takes place at the placenta.

Quiz 1: General Concepts