Question 1

Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules produces a force sufficient to move water from the roots to the shoot tip of a plant.

Accepted Answer

Cohesion allows water molecules to stick to each other due to hydrogen bonding, while adhesion allows them to stick to the plant's vessels. Together, these forces create a continuous water column and generate the tension necessary to pull water from the roots to the shoot tip, a process essential for plant hydration and nutrient transport.

Question 2

Which of the following is a typical function of the root system?

Accepted Answer

Root systems typically serve multiple functions including anchorage of the plant, absorption of water and minerals, and absorption of nitrates from the soil, making all of the listed options correct descriptions of root system functions.

Question 3

What advantages do root hairs give to a plant?

Accepted Answer

Root hairs increase the surface area of the root, significantly enhancing the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

Question 4

In the pressure-flow model, the movement of nutrients through phloem is initiated when water moves from sieve-tube members into companion cells by osmosis, causing sugar in surrounding cells to be transported into sieve-tube members.

Accepted Answer

In the pressure-flow model, the movement of nutrients through phloem is initiated when sugars are actively transported into sieve-tube members, causing water to move into sieve-tube members by osmosis, which increases the pressure and drives the flow of sap.

Question 5

Mineral transport in plants occurs through xylem tissue.

Accepted Answer

Xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Question 6

Which of the following correctly describes a major difference between monocot and eudicot plants?

Accepted Answer

Monocots have leaves with parallel veins, while eudicots (or dicots) have leaves with a netlike pattern of veins. This is a fundamental difference in leaf morphology between these two major groups of flowering plants.

Question 7

Secondary growth occurs in plants which have a(n)

Accepted Answer

Secondary growth in plants, which leads to an increase in thickness, is facilitated by the vascular cambium. The vascular cambium is a type of lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem, contributing to the plant's girth.

Question 8

Which of the following occurs only in the roots?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation primarily occurs in the roots of leguminous plants, where symbiotic bacteria called rhizobia convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that the plant can use.

Question 9

Which of the following correctly describes a major difference between monocot and eudicot plants?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following correctly describes a...

Question 10

Water must first pass through the endodermis of a root before it can enter xylem vessels.

Accepted Answer

The endodermis acts as a selective barrier in plant roots, controlling the flow of water and nutrients from the soil into the xylem vessels for transport to the rest of the plant.

Question 11

If you remove all of the terminal buds from a plant, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Removing terminal buds stimulates growth from lateral buds, leading to a bushier appearance as the plant compensates for the loss of its primary growth points.

Question 12

Eudicot roots may experience secondary growth.

Accepted Answer

Eudicot roots can experience secondary growth due to the activity of the vascular cambium and cork cambium, which increase the thickness of the roots.

Question 13

Plants are capable of directly absorbing nitrogen from the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

Plants cannot directly absorb nitrogen from the atmosphere; they rely on nitrogen fixation processes, where bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms that plants can absorb from the soil.

Question 14

Primary growth occurs from the

Accepted Answer

Primary growth in plants, which results in the elongation of the stems and roots, occurs from the terminal bud. This is where new cells are produced, allowing the plant to grow in length.

Question 15

Which of the following correctly describes a major difference between monocot and eudicot plant stems?

Accepted Answer

In eudicot (or dicot) stems, the vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) are organized in a ring, whereas in monocot stems, these tissues are typically scattered throughout the stem. This arrangement is a key distinguishing feature between these two major groups of flowering plants.

Question 16

Micronutrients that are needed by plants as enzyme cofactors are also needed by humans for the same reason.

Accepted Answer

Both plants and humans require micronutrients as enzyme cofactors for various biochemical processes, including metabolism, growth, and development.

Question 17

Transport in xylem is typically upward, while transport in phloem can be in any direction in the plant.

Accepted Answer

Xylem primarily transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, which is generally an upward movement. Phloem, on the other hand, transports sugars and other metabolic products from the leaves (where they are produced via photosynthesis) to other parts of the plant, which can be in any direction depending on where these products are needed.

Question 18

The bark of a tree is entirely derived from vascular cambium.

Accepted Answer

The bark of a tree is composed of both the phloem, which is produced by the vascular cambium, and the periderm, which is produced by the cork cambium, not solely from the vascular cambium.

Question 19

Which of the following is part of the root system?

Accepted Answer

The pericycle is a layer of cells found just inside the endodermis in plant roots. It is involved in the formation of lateral roots and can become meristematic, contributing to the growth and development of the root system.

Question 20

A leaf is considered to be compound when it possesses a only one single blade.

Accepted Answer

A leaf is considered to be compound when it has multiple leaflets attached to a single petiole, not just a single blade.

Quiz 20: Plant Anatomy and Growth

Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules produces a force sufficient to move water from the roots to the shoot tip of a plant.

Which of the following is a typical function of the root system?

What advantages do root hairs give to a plant?

In the pressure-flow model, the movement of nutrients through phloem is initiated when water moves from sieve-tube members into companion cells by osmosis, causing sugar in surrounding cells to be transported into sieve-tube members.

Mineral transport in plants occurs through xylem tissue.

Which of the following correctly describes a major difference between monocot and eudicot plants?

Secondary growth occurs in plants which have a(n)

Which of the following occurs only in the roots?

Which of the following correctly describes a major difference between monocot and eudicot plants?

Water must first pass through the endodermis of a root before it can enter xylem vessels.

If you remove all of the terminal buds from a plant, what is the most likely outcome?

Eudicot roots may experience secondary growth.

Plants are capable of directly absorbing nitrogen from the atmosphere.

Primary growth occurs from the

Which of the following correctly describes a major difference between monocot and eudicot plant stems?

Micronutrients that are needed by plants as enzyme cofactors are also needed by humans for the same reason.

Transport in xylem is typically upward, while transport in phloem can be in any direction in the plant.

The bark of a tree is entirely derived from vascular cambium.

Which of the following is part of the root system?

A leaf is considered to be compound when it possesses a only one single blade.