Question 1

The reticular formation contains neurons that

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reticular formation contains neurons that
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Question 2

The best thing to do to reset your circadian clock would be to expose yourself to outdoor light in the __________ when you are flying to the _____.

Accepted Answer

Exposing yourself to morning light when flying east helps advance your circadian clock, aligning it with the earlier time zone.

Question 3

Fred is having a vivid dream about running in a marathon. His body does NOT mimic this running because

Accepted Answer

During REM sleep, the stage in which vivid dreams are most likely to occur, the body experiences a form of paralysis known as REM atonia. This prevents the dreamer from physically acting out their dreams, ensuring that movements in the dream do not translate to real-life movements.

Question 4

The part of the brain that contains the "REM-sleep On" neurons that signal the other parts of the brain and control different aspects of REM sleep is called the _______________.

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation contains the "REM-sleep On" neurons that play a crucial role in signaling other parts of the brain to control various aspects of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. This area is essential for regulating the sleep-wake cycle and is involved in the transitions between sleep stages, including the initiation of REM sleep, which is characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and increased brain activity.

Question 5

The area of the brain that is responsible for regulating the process of falling asleep is the

Accepted Answer

The basal forebrain plays a key role in controlling sleep, particularly in promoting sleep and wakefulness, through its influence on the sleep-wake cycle and its interaction with the hypothalamus.

Question 6

When a person is asleep, if the slow and large delta waves dominate the EEG pattern, this person is said to be in

Accepted Answer

Delta waves dominate the EEG pattern during stage 4 of sleep, which is the deepest stage of non-REM sleep.

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding sleep is true?

Accepted Answer

Dreams can occur in both REM and non-REM stages of sleep, but REM dreams are typically more vivid and longer in duration.

Question 8

It is known that the basal forebrain is involved in the regulation of falling asleep, while the part of the brain that is responsible for signalling other brain areas involved in "turning on" REM sleep is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation, located in the brainstem, plays a crucial role in controlling the sleep-wake cycle, including the initiation of REM sleep, by signaling other parts of the brain involved in this process.

Question 9

Compared to a REM dream, a non-REM dream is usually

Accepted Answer

Non-REM dreams are typically shorter and less story-like compared to the often vivid, complex, and narrative-driven dreams experienced during REM sleep.

Question 10

If you are flying west and have lengthened your travel day, the best thing to do in order to reset your circadian clock to the new time zone would be to avoid

Accepted Answer

Exposure to light is a primary cue used by the body to adjust its circadian rhythm. When traveling west, you effectively lengthen your day, and to adjust to the new time zone, it's beneficial to avoid outdoor light in the morning and seek it in the late afternoon or early evening. This helps delay your body clock to align with the later time zone.

Question 11

Robert has been feeling very tired the last few weeks and tells his doctor that he only sleeps two hours a night. Before making a diagnosis, his doctor asks Robert to spend a night in the sleep lab connected to an EEG. Several times that night, Robert's brain waves have a low frequency and high amplitude. This indicates to the doctor that Robert is

Accepted Answer

Low frequency and high amplitude brain waves indicate deep sleep, which is consistent with experiencing several cycles through the deep stages of sleep.

Question 12

As you become drowsy, alpha waves become more present, but when you fall asleep, during stage 1 sleep, these waves are replaced by slower ___________ waves.

Accepted Answer

Theta waves are more prominent during stage 1 of sleep, indicating a transition from wakefulness to sleep, and are slower than alpha waves which are associated with relaxation and drowsiness.

Question 13

Which of the following rotating work schedules would be most conducive to minimizing the problems associated the disruption of circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Rotating shifts from day to evening to night minimizes disruption to circadian rhythms by following the body's natural tendency to delay sleep cycles, making it easier to adjust to later shifts than to earlier ones.

Question 14

Oral doses of melatonin are used to

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is used to adjust the body's internal clock, such as for treating jet lag or adjusting sleep-wake cycles in people whose daily work schedule changes (shift-work disorder), effectively shifting circadian rhythms.

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding REM sleep is true?

Accepted Answer

During REM sleep, the brain activity and physiological arousal levels are indeed similar to those observed during periods of active wakefulness. This is why REM sleep is often associated with vivid dreaming. The EEG patterns during REM sleep are more similar to those seen in wakefulness than to the slow-wave patterns (such as delta or theta waves) associated with deeper stages of non-REM sleep.

Question 16

The body is relaxed and people are usually hard to awaken during slow-wave sleep or ____________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

Slow-wave sleep occurs during stage 3 and stage 4 of the sleep cycle, characterized by deep sleep where the body is most relaxed and it is hardest to awaken someone.

Question 17

If a human is sleeping for an average of about 16 hours a day and approximately half of this sleep time is spent in REM, then this human most likely

Accepted Answer

Infants often sleep much more than adults and spend a significant portion of their sleep in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which is associated with dreaming and brain development. This pattern of sleeping for about 16 hours a day with about half of that time in REM sleep is typical for infants, not the other options listed.

Question 18

Research comparing young adults to elderly adults has found that as people get older, they

Accepted Answer

As people age, they often experience changes in their sleep patterns, including a tendency to sleep less at night. This can be due to various factors such as changes in the body's internal clock, health issues, and increased sensitivity to environmental disturbances.

Question 19

REM sleep is sometimes referred to as "paradoxical" sleep because

Accepted Answer

REM sleep is called "paradoxical" sleep because, despite the brain being very active and similar to the waking state, the body's muscles are relaxed to the point of paralysis, preventing physical movement.

Question 20

If you are examining an EEG recording for someone who is sleeping, and sleep spindles start to occur, what stage of sleep is the person in?

Accepted Answer

Sleep spindles are characteristic of stage 2 sleep. They are sudden bursts of oscillatory brain activity that appear on an EEG and indicate a deeper stage of sleep than stage 1, but not as deep as stages 3 or 4.

Quiz 6: States of Consciousness