Question 1

Billy's blue eyes are an example of ______.
A)nature
B)nurture
C)genotype
D)phenotype

Accepted Answer

Billy's blue eyes are an example of phenotype, which refers to the observable characteristics of an organism that result from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment.

Question 2

The alternative form of a gene that produces a different characteristic is termed
A)chromosome
B)allele
C)nucleotide
D)all the terms are interchangeable

Accepted Answer

Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. They are responsible for the variations in the traits that an organism can inherit.

Question 3

The particular characteristic that a gene controls will be displayed if a gene is ______________.
A)dominant
B)recessive
C)phenotypic
D)polygenic

Accepted Answer

Dominant genes are those that express their trait even when only one copy is present in the pair of alleles, overriding the expression of recessive genes unless two copies of the recessive gene are present.

Question 4

Natalie has black hair and brown eyes. This is an example of a _______.
A)genotype
B)phenotype
C)chromosome
D)polygenic transmission

Accepted Answer

Phenotype refers to the observable physical characteristics of an individual, which result from both genetic and environmental influences. Natalie's black hair and brown eyes are examples of her phenotype.

Question 5

When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the new cell has _______________.
A)46 genes
B)23 genes
C)46 chromosomes
D)23 chromosomes

Accepted Answer

When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the new cell, known as a zygote, has 46 chromosomes. This is because each parent contributes 23 chromosomes, for a total of 46.

Question 6

The Human Genome Project is a coordinated effort to _______.
A)alter gene combinations that underlie physical attributes
B)alter gene combinations that underlie behaviour
C)map the DNA of the human organism
D)map the DNA of endangered species

Accepted Answer

The Human Genome Project was a large-scale, coordinated effort to map and understand all the genes of human beings, which are collectively known as the genome.

Question 7

Rita has light hair, while both her parents have dark hair. She inherited _______________ genes for light hair from _______________ parent(s).
A)dominant; one
B)recessive; one
C)dominant; both
D)recessive; both

Accepted Answer

Rita inherited recessive genes for light hair from both parents, as light hair is typically a recessive trait and both parents must carry and pass on the recessive gene for it to be expressed in their child.

Question 8

Tina receives a gene for blue eyes from her mother and a gene for blue eyes from her father. What colour will her eyes be?
A)Blue
B)Brown
C)Green
D)All colours are equally likely.

Accepted Answer

Eye color is determined by the combination of multiple genes. However, the gene for blue eyes is recessive, meaning both parents must pass on the gene for blue eyes for their child to have blue eyes. Since Tina received a gene for blue eyes from both her mother and father, her eyes will be blue.

Question 9

Both of Bob's parents have blue eyes. Bob himself also has the gene for blue eyes, yet his eyes are brown. This means that the gene for blue eyes would be considered _______.
A)polygenic
B)phenotypic
C)recessive
D)dominant

Accepted Answer

The gene for blue eyes is considered recessive because brown eyes are dominant. If both of Bob's parents carry the recessive gene for blue eyes but Bob has brown eyes, it means he inherited a dominant gene for brown eyes from one or both parents who must be carriers of the recessive blue eye gene.

Question 10

Every type of cell in the human body except one type has ______________.
A)46 genes
B)46 chromosomes
C)23 genes
D)23 chromosomes

Accepted Answer

Every type of cell in the human body except for gametes (sperm and egg cells) has 46 chromosomes. These are diploid cells, containing 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46.

Question 11

The knockout procedure refers to the process of _______.
A)artificially suppressing the function of the immune system
B)preventing neurons from firing by inhibiting reuptake
C)altering an individual gene such that its normal function is prevented
D)flooding the body with stress hormones so that an organism goes into temporary shock

Accepted Answer

The knockout procedure specifically refers to a genetic technique where an individual gene is altered or "knocked out" in order to prevent its normal function. This is often done in research to study the role of specific genes in organisms.

Question 12

Alternative forms of a gene that produce different characteristics are called ___________.
A)alleles
B)dominant genes
C)genetic maps
D)chromosome pairs

Accepted Answer

Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that produce different characteristics. They can be found on the same place on a chromosome but may lead to different traits in an organism.

Question 13

Jake receives a gene for blue eyes from his mother and a gene for brown eyes from his father. What colour will his eyes be?
A)Blue
B)Brown
C)Green
D)All colours are equally likely.

Accepted Answer

Brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes, so if Jake inherits a brown eye gene from one parent and a blue eye gene from the other, his eyes will be brown.

Question 14

Individual 1 expresses a new trait because of 1 copy of the gene inherited. Individual 2 expresses another new trait because of 2 copies of the gene inherited. How can we describe those genes in individuals 1 and 2?
A)1: dominant 2: recessive
B)1: recessive 2: dominant
C)1: dominant 2: dominant
D)1: recessive 2: recessive

Accepted Answer

Individual 1 expresses a trait with only one copy of the gene, indicating it is dominant. Individual 2 requires two copies to express the trait, indicating it is recessive.

Question 15

Which of the following fields of study involves the examination of how heredity and environmental factors influence psychological characteristics?
A)behaviour genetics
B)evolutionary psychology
C)developmental psychology
D)psychosocial genetics

Accepted Answer

Behavior genetics is the field that studies the influence of genetic and environmental factors on psychological traits and behaviors.

Question 16

Scientists have used recombinant DNA procedures to produce ________________ to use for therapeutic purposes.
A)new viruses
B)amino acids
C)genetic engineering
D)human growth hormone

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce human growth hormone for therapeutic purposes, such as treating growth hormone deficiencies.

Question 17

The availability of rapidly increasing numbers of tests for genetic diseases has created a need for positions called 'genetic counsellors' to assist with _______.
A)issues that arise when someone carries the genetic susceptibility for disease
B)ethical issues that arise in research on stem cells and other controversial areas
C)ethical issues that arise in health care policy
D)adoption decisions

Accepted Answer

Genetic counselors primarily help individuals and families understand and adapt to the medical, psychological, and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease, including the possibility of carrying a genetic susceptibility.

Question 18

If a chromosome is a long book, then a gene would best be viewed as ____________.
A)a library full of books
B)the cover of the book
C)the numbers on the pages
D)a chapter in the book

Accepted Answer

A gene can be best viewed as a chapter in a book, as it is a segment of a chromosome (the book) that contains the instructions for the production of a specific protein or a set of related proteins, similar to how a chapter is a specific section of a book that covers a particular topic.

Question 19

Although earlier estimates predicted the human genome to consist of ________________ genes, research has indicated that approximately _________________ genes actually exist.
A)300,000; 500,000
B)40,000; 25,000
C)100,000; 25,000
D)25,000; 60,000

Accepted Answer

Initial estimates suggested the human genome might contain around 100,000 genes, but further research has shown that the number is closer to 25,000.

Question 20

In the DNA, the adenine (A) nucleotide pairs with which of the following nucleotides?
A)Thymine (T)
B)Guanine (G)
C)Cytosine (C)
D)Adenine (A)

Accepted Answer

In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) through two hydrogen bonds, following the base pairing rules discovered by Watson and Crick.

Quiz 4: Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Billy's blue eyes are an example of ______.

The alternative form of a gene that produces a different characteristic is termed

The particular characteristic that a gene controls will be displayed if a gene is ______________.

Natalie has black hair and brown eyes. This is an example of a _______.

When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the new cell has _______________.

The Human Genome Project is a coordinated effort to _______.

Rita has light hair, while both her parents have dark hair. She inherited _ genes for light hair from _ parent(s) .

Tina receives a gene for blue eyes from her mother and a gene for blue eyes from her father. What colour will her eyes be?

Both of Bob's parents have blue eyes. Bob himself also has the gene for blue eyes, yet his eyes are brown. This means that the gene for blue eyes would be considered _______.

Every type of cell in the human body except one type has ______________.

The knockout procedure refers to the process of _______.

Alternative forms of a gene that produce different characteristics are called ___________.

Jake receives a gene for blue eyes from his mother and a gene for brown eyes from his father. What colour will his eyes be?

Individual 1 expresses a new trait because of 1 copy of the gene inherited. Individual 2 expresses another new trait because of 2 copies of the gene inherited. How can we describe those genes in individuals 1 and 2?

Which of the following fields of study involves the examination of how heredity and environmental factors influence psychological characteristics?

Scientists have used recombinant DNA procedures to produce ________________ to use for therapeutic purposes.

The availability of rapidly increasing numbers of tests for genetic diseases has created a need for positions called 'genetic counsellors' to assist with _______.

If a chromosome is a long book, then a gene would best be viewed as ____________.

Although earlier estimates predicted the human genome to consist of genes, research has indicated that approximately _ genes actually exist.

In the DNA, the adenine (A) nucleotide pairs with which of the following nucleotides?