Question 1

Explain the major drawback of hindsight understanding.

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Question 2

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be associated with an experiment?

Accepted Answer

Social desirability is least likely to be associated with an experiment because it refers to the tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others, which is more relevant to survey research than experimental design.

Question 3

If you were designing a research study, what measures would you choose to operationally define stress?

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Question 4

Dr. Pavio wants to examine the effects of antioxidants on memory. She decides to run a repeated measures design to minimize the number of participants required. What does Dr. Pavio need to do when designing this study?

Accepted Answer

Counterbalancing is necessary in a repeated measures design to control for order effects, ensuring that the sequence in which treatments are administered does not bias the results.

Question 5

Why are operational definitions important?

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Question 6

Dr. Pavio wants to examine the effects of antioxidants on memory. She includes a counterbalancing control group in the design. What type of study is this likely to be?

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Question 7

In a study of aggression, Dr. Berkowitz had participants watch either violent or non-violent media after they had been frustrated by a colleague. They were then able to deliver electric shocks to the colleague as feedback for mistakes made on a memory test (this never really happened, they just thought they were giving shocks). Berkowitz recorded the intensity of shocks delivered. Results indicated that more intense shocks were given when participants watched the violent media. In this study, it is critical that we

Accepted Answer

Debriefing participants is essential in research, especially in studies involving deception, to ensure they understand the study's true nature and to address any potential distress caused by the deception.

Question 8

What key scientific attitudes did Darley and Latané display?

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Question 9

What is a case study? Identify its advantages.

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Question 10

In a study of aggression, Dr. Berkowitz had participants watch either violent or non-violent media after they had been frustrated by a colleague. They were then able to deliver electric shocks to the colleague as feedback for mistakes made on a memory test (this never really happened, they just thought they were giving shocks). Berkowitz recorded the intensity of shocks delivered. Results indicated that more intense shocks were given when participants watched the violent media. This is an example of a study involving

Accepted Answer

This study involves deception because participants were led to believe they were administering electric shocks to a colleague, which was not actually happening.

Question 11

What is known as an unobtrusive measurement?

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Question 12

What is a theory? How does it differ from a hypothesis?

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Question 13

What is a hypothesis?

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Question 14

Describe the major ways psychologists measure behaviour, and suggest a limitation of each method.

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Question 15

How does the research done by Darley and Latané illustrate the basic steps of the scientific process?

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Question 16

What approach to understanding do scientists prefer and why?

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Question 17

Describe the characteristics of a good theory.

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Question 18

Dr. Watson is interested in the possible effects of positive media messages on helping behavior. He uses random assignment to examine this idea. Most likely, Dr. Watson is conducting

Accepted Answer

Dr. Watson is conducting an experiment because he is using random assignment to manipulate one variable (exposure to positive media messages) to see its effect on another variable (helping behavior). This method allows for the determination of cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 19

In a study of aggression, Dr. Berkowitz had participants watch either violent or non-violent media after they had been frustrated by a colleague. They were then able to deliver electric shocks to the colleague as feedback for mistakes made on a memory test. Berkowitz recorded the intensity of shocks delivered. Results indicated that more intense shocks were given when participants watched the violent media. In this study, the independent variable is _____ and the dependent variable is ______.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the condition manipulated by the researcher, which is the type of media (violent or non-violent) watched by the participants. The dependent variable is the outcome measured by the researcher, which in this case is the intensity of shocks delivered by the participants.

Question 20

If you ran a study with incomplete disclosure, it would be necessary for you to also include

Accepted Answer

Debriefing is necessary in studies with incomplete disclosure to explain the true nature of the study after participation, ensuring ethical standards are met by informing participants about any deception used.

Quiz 2: Studying Behaviour Scientifically