Question 1

According to Margaret Mahler, a psychoanalyst, what forms the basis for a child's self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Margaret Mahler's theory emphasizes the process of separation-individuation as the foundational phase in the development of a child's self-concept. This process involves the child gradually differentiating themselves from their primary caregiver, leading to the establishment of individuality and a distinct self-concept.

Question 2

Which statement best describes attachment?

Accepted Answer

Attachment is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space. It is indeed a reciprocal relationship, particularly evident in the bond between a child and their parent or primary caregiver. This bond is crucial for the child's development and well-being, influencing their ability to form healthy relationships in the future.

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of self-awareness?

Accepted Answer

Self-awareness allows individuals to reflect on their own actions and experiences, leading to the development of self-conscious emotions like embarrassment, guilt, and pride. This introspective capability is crucial for understanding oneself in relation to others and the environment.

Question 4

How many cycles of The Canadian Incidence Study (CIS) of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect have been published?

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

Cynthia's daughter has Asperger's disorder. Cynthia explains that people must use person-first language when referring to children with autism. What does she mean by this?

Accepted Answer

Person-first language emphasizes the individuality of the person by placing the person before the diagnosis or condition, suggesting that the person is not defined by their condition. In this context, it means referring to someone as a "child with autism" rather than "an autistic child," to acknowledge the person before the condition.

Question 6

Carver and Vaccaro (2007) suggest that social referencing requires three components. Which of the following is one of those components?

Accepted Answer

Social referencing involves looking at another person, often someone more experienced or older, in a new or unclear situation to gauge how to respond or feel about it. This process helps individuals, especially children, understand how to interpret and react to unfamiliar environments or events by observing the reactions of others.

Question 7

Jessica and Tim are first-time expectant parents. They are eager to ensure their child forms a secure attachment relationship with them. What would you tell them?

Accepted Answer

Attachment relationships grow from loving affection and can become enduring bonds, involving both parents in the child's life.

Question 8

Shannon is turning 1 year old and her grandparents have travelled a great distance to be at her birthday party. When they arrive Shannon cries and will not let them pick her up. What is Shannon experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Shannon is likely experiencing stranger anxiety, a common phase in early childhood development where babies show a preference for familiar people and may become upset or anxious around strangers.

Question 9

Which of the following is a finding of the research on emotional regulation?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there is a significant relationship between early life attachments, particularly secure attachments, and the development of good emotional regulation in adolescents. Secure early attachments provide a foundation for children to learn how to effectively manage and regulate their emotions.

Question 10

According to Erikson's psychoanalytic theory, what is most vital for a child to develop in the first year of life?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's psychoanalytic theory posits that the most vital development for a child in the first year of life is a sense of trust, which is established through consistent, reliable care and affection from caregivers.

Question 11

Kevin has been maltreated by his parents. Which behaviour is Kevin most likely to exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Substance abuse is a common coping mechanism for individuals who have experienced trauma or abuse.

Question 12

Which statement best reflects current research about spoiling children?

Accepted Answer

Current research supports the idea that responding to the cries of infants younger than 10 months is crucial for their emotional development and does not spoil them. Infants at this age cry to communicate their needs, as they are incapable of manipulative behavior.

Question 13

Which of the following most likely influences the effects of social deprivation?

Accepted Answer

A deficiency in social stimulation is the most likely influence on the effects of social deprivation. Social deprivation is a lack of social interaction and stimulation, which can lead to a number of negative effects, including a lag in cognitive development, a lack of love and affection, and a deficiency in sensory stimulation.

Question 14

How did Bowlby explain smiling in the infant?

Accepted Answer

Bowlby suggested that smiling in infants is an innate behavior that serves to attract attention and affection from caregivers, thus promoting attachment and bonding. This behavior is not random, unrelated to attachment, or primarily due to gastrointestinal distress.

Question 15

Kai was diagnosed with autism and his parents are looking for treatment options. What can you tell them about treatment effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

Individual treatment instruction is often considered to have the most significant impact for children with autism. This approach allows for personalized strategies that cater to the unique needs and learning styles of each child, which can be more effective than generalized or group-based approaches.

Question 16

Which drug treatment option has been explored to treat autism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which drug treatment option has been explored...

Question 17

Of all substantiated child abuse cases in Canada, approximately what percentage involved sexual abuse?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of all substantiated child abuse cases in...

Question 18

Which strategy is most likely to be recommended to prevent child abuse?

Accepted Answer

Strengthening parenting skills in the general population is a proactive and preventive strategy that can reduce the incidence of child abuse by providing parents with the tools, knowledge, and support they need to care for their children in healthy and nurturing ways.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most appropriate action to take to befriend a boy who is showing stranger anxiety?

Accepted Answer

Approaching a child in the presence of an attachment figure in familiar surroundings can help reduce the child's anxiety. The presence of a trusted figure provides a sense of security, making the child more open to interacting with new people. Familiar surroundings also contribute to the child feeling safe and comfortable.

Question 20

According to the textbook, what is the critical age before which infants should be adopted in order to ensure secure attachments?

Accepted Answer

The critical age before which infants should be adopted to ensure secure attachments is generally considered to be 6 months. This is based on attachment theory, which suggests that forming a strong bond with a caregiver within the first six months of life is crucial for a child's emotional and social development.

Quiz 6: Infancy: Social and Emotional Development