Question 1

A baby has begun to crawl. What conclusion can you draw regarding the baby's myelin?

Accepted Answer

Myelination of neurons, particularly in areas of the brain associated with motor control, begins before a baby starts to crawl. This process is crucial for the efficient transmission of nerve impulses, which enables coordinated movements such as crawling. Myelination is not completed once physical movement begins but continues into adolescence and early adulthood, especially in areas of the brain involved in higher cognitive functions.

Question 2

Previously malnourished children have now received nourishment and are experiencing good health. What term refers to the tendency of their growth rates to return to their normal patterns?

Accepted Answer

Canalization refers to the ability of an organism to return to its genetically predetermined growth pattern after experiencing environmental changes or disturbances, such as malnutrition.

Question 3

How does the brain regulate development of the infant's body?

Accepted Answer

The brain regulates development by secreting hormones that influence growth and development processes in the body.

Question 4

Sidney is 20 months old and has been diagnosed as having nonorganic failure to thrive (NOFTT) syndrome. What is the most likely cause of his NOFTT?

Accepted Answer

Nonorganic failure to thrive (NOFTT) is typically associated with psychological or social causes, such as emotional deprivation or inadequate caregiving, rather than physical health problems or issues with food access or utilization.

Question 5

You are a nursing student on a clinical placement in a hospital. An expectant mother is concerned about breastfeeding and asks you to name one benefit. Which of the following are you most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

Breastfeeding is known to provide numerous health benefits for the infant, including a reduced risk of various childhood illnesses such as asthma and ear infections. It contains antibodies that help the baby fight off viruses and bacteria.

Question 6

When does a child have the most dramatic gains in height and weight?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When does a child have the most...

Question 7

Which term refers to the use of the thumb to assist in picking up small objects?

Accepted Answer

The pincer grasp refers to the coordination of the index finger and thumb to hold an item, which is a significant developmental milestone in infants as it allows them to pick up small objects.

Question 8

What is the definition of the "reaction range"?

Accepted Answer

The "reaction range" refers to the genetically determined limits within which a person's developmental outcomes can vary, depending on environmental conditions.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of shape constancy?

Accepted Answer

Shape constancy refers to the ability to perceive an object as having the same shape despite changes in the object's orientation or the angle from which it is observed. Recognizing a door as a rectangle whether it is closed or ajar is an example of shape constancy because you perceive the shape of the door as constant even though your perspective changes.

Question 10

What is meant by the phrase "brain adaptability is a double-edged sword"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is meant by the phrase "brain...

Question 11

Approximately what percentage of Canadian mothers breastfeed their infants up to 6 months of age?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately what percentage of Canadian mothers breastfeed...

Question 12

Which observation supports the notion that perception becomes more active through childhood?

Accepted Answer

Infants improving their ability to ignore irrelevant information as they age indicates that their perception is becoming more active and selective, reflecting a developmental progression in how they process and respond to their environment.

Question 13

Jamie just finished her first bowl of iron-enriched cereal. Her parents have read all the government-recommended feeding schedules and now watch with excitement as she experiences this new taste sensation. How old is Jamie?

Accepted Answer

The recommended age to introduce iron-enriched cereal to a baby's diet is around 4 to 6 months. This is when a baby typically starts to need additional nutrients that breast milk or formula alone can't provide, and they are developmentally ready to begin eating solid foods.

Question 14

What is one of the most common reasons given for not breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

One of the most common reasons given for not breastfeeding is the concern or perception that there is not enough breast milk being produced to satisfy the infant's needs.

Question 15

Lynn believes that she and her son will enjoy better health later in life because she breastfed him as an infant. Which of the following is NOT related to having been breastfed as an infant?

Accepted Answer

While breastfeeding is associated with various health benefits, the direct link between breastfeeding and a decreased likelihood of diabetes is less established compared to the other options.

Question 16

What is the recommended method for introducing new foods to an infant?

Accepted Answer

Iron-enriched cereal is often recommended as the first food to introduce to an infant because it provides necessary iron that breast milk may not supply in sufficient quantities as the infant grows.

Question 17

Kiley, a 5-month-old infant, refuses to eat and has not gained any weight in two months. What is the most likely conclusion about Kiley?

Accepted Answer

Failure to thrive syndrome is characterized by a child not gaining weight or growing as expected, which aligns with Kiley's symptoms of refusing to eat and not gaining any weight in two months.

Question 18

What is the finding of the research on infants' coordination of senses?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the finding of the research...

Question 19

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the "habituation" method?

Accepted Answer

Habituation is a psychological learning process wherein there is a decrease in response to a stimulus after being repeatedly exposed to it. Statement D exemplifies this by describing how infants show recognition through diminished responses to familiar stimuli.

Question 20

What was the finding of the study that involved 23 sets of parents who kept daily sleep records of their newborns?

Accepted Answer

The study found that growth spurts in newborns tended to follow periods of increased sleeping and nap time. This suggests that sleep may play a significant role in the growth and development of infants.

Quiz 4: Infancy: Physical Development