Question 1

Circulating testosterone levels in men can begin to decline as early as age ________ years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Circulating testosterone levels in men can begin...

Question 2

The secondary spermatocytes are haploid cells.

Accepted Answer

The secondary spermatocytes are formed by meiosis I, which results in the reduction of the chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n). Therefore, the secondary spermatocytes are haploid cells.

Question 3

Premature menopause ________.

Accepted Answer

Premature menopause occurs because of a shortage of primordial follicles.

Question 4

The main organs of the female reproductive system include all of the following except the ________.

Accepted Answer

The urinary bladder is not a part of the female reproductive system. It is a part of the urinary system, which is responsible for eliminating waste from the body. The vagina, uterus, ovaries, and mammary glands are all parts of the female reproductive system. The vagina is the muscular tube that connects the cervix of the uterus to the outside of the body. The uterus is the muscular organ where a fertilized egg implants and grows into a fetus. The ovaries are the paired organs that produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. The mammary glands are the organs in the breasts that produce milk for lactation.

Question 5

The vagina is lined by ________.

Accepted Answer

The majority of the vaginal canal is lined by stratified squamous epithelium, which is designed to help prevent abrasion and damage during intercourse and childbirth. However, some areas of the vagina may be lined by other types of epithelium, such as transitional epithelium near the urethral opening. Simple cuboidal and simple ciliated columnar epithelium are not typically found in the vaginal canal.

Question 6

The change in function of the male reproductive system that is comparable to menopause in women is ________.

Accepted Answer

The change in function of the male reproductive system that is comparable to menopause in women is called the male climacteric. It is a gradual decline in testosterone levels and sperm production that occurs in men as they age, typically starting around age 40. This can lead to a variety of symptoms including decreased sex drive, fatigue, and mood swings.

Question 7

The ovaries are supported by (the)________.

Accepted Answer

The ovaries are supported by the mesovarium, which is a double layer of peritoneum that attaches the ovary to the broad ligament of the uterus. Option A is incorrect because the roof of the pelvic cavity does not actively support the ovaries. Option B is incorrect because while the ovarian blood vessels and hilum are located in close proximity to the ovaries, they do not provide active support. Option D is incorrect because the uterus is a separate reproductive organ and does not directly support the ovaries.

Question 8

In the correct order, the steps involved in oogenesis are:
(1)formation of a tertiary follicle
(2)ovulation
(3)formation and degeneration of the corpus luteum
(4)formation of primary follicles
(5)formation of secondary follicles

Accepted Answer

The correct order starts with the formation of primary follicles, progresses to secondary and tertiary follicles, followed by ovulation, and ends with the formation and degeneration of the corpus luteum.

Question 9

A ________ is formed by the combination of a primary oocyte and several surrounding layers of follicular cells and the presence of small amounts of follicular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A secondary ovarian follicle is formed by the combination of a primary oocyte and several surrounding layers of follicular cells and the presence of small amounts of follicular fluid. Granulosa cells and thecal cells are both types of follicular cells found within the secondary ovarian follicle. Polar cells are formed during oogenesis through meiosis II and are not part of the ovarian follicle structure.

Question 10

The corpus luteum secretes ________.

Accepted Answer

The corpus luteum is a temporary gland that forms from the remnants of the ovarian follicle after ovulation. Its main function is to secrete progesterone, which prepares the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg and maintains pregnancy if it occurs. While LH also plays a role in the development and function of the corpus luteum, it is not secreted by the gland itself. FSH and estrogen are involved in the development of the ovarian follicle before ovulation, while relaxin is mainly produced by the corpus luteum during pregnancy to relax the pelvic ligaments.

Question 11

Each primary oocyte within an egg nest in the ovary is surrounded by a simple squamous layer of follicular cells. The oocyte and its follicle cells are called a ________.

Accepted Answer

The combination of the oocyte and its surrounding layer of follicular cells is known as a primordial ovarian follicle.

Question 12

The average length of the uterine cycle is ________.

Accepted Answer

The average length of the uterine cycle (also known as menstrual cycle) is 28 days. However, it can range from 21 to 35 days in normal individuals. Option A (14 days) is too short for the uterine cycle, while options B, D and E are longer than the average or normal range.

Question 13

During the ovarian cycle, ________.

Accepted Answer

During the ovarian cycle, usually only one mature ovarian follicle forms. The other follicles will usually undergo atresia (degeneration). This dominant follicle will eventually ovulate and release its egg for potential fertilization.

Question 14

The changes that occur in a woman's body at menopause are due to ________.

Accepted Answer

The changes that occur in a woman's body at menopause are due to reduced levels of estrogen and progesterone. These hormones play a crucial role in the menstrual cycle and the regulation of reproductive organs. As a woman approaches menopause, the levels of these hormones start to decrease, leading to changes in the body, including hot flashes, vaginal dryness, mood swings, and other symptoms.

Question 15

In the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, the ovary is ________.

Accepted Answer

During the follicular phase, the ovary is developing a mature follicle that will eventually release an egg during ovulation.

Answer: A, C, and D are incorrect 
 Atresia is the breakdown of immature follicles, which occurs throughout the ovarian cycle. The formation of the corpus luteum and secretion of progesterone occur during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle, not the follicular phase.

Question 16

The ovarian ligament attaches the uterus to the anterior abdominal wall.

Accepted Answer

The ovarian ligament attaches the ovary to the uterus, not the uterus to the anterior abdominal wall.

Question 17

The secondary oocyte is released from the ovary at ________.

Accepted Answer

The secondary oocyte is released from the ovary during ovulation, which typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle. The onset of menstruation (A) marks the beginning of the cycle, while the end of the secretory phase (C) marks the end of the cycle.

Question 18

Milk production in the mammary glands ________.

Accepted Answer

Milk production in the mammary glands is stimulated by a combination of hormones including prolactin, growth hormone, and human placental lactogen. These hormones are typically released during pregnancy and continue to be released after birth to maintain milk production.

Question 19

For an ovum to be fertilized, it must encounter a spermatozoon in the ampulla of the uterine tube within ________ of the oocyte's passage.

Accepted Answer

For an ovum to be fertilized, it must encounter a spermatozoon in the ampulla of the uterine tube within 12-24 hours of the oocyte's passage. This timeframe is crucial for successful fertilization.

Question 20

The large fluid-filled cavity within a mature ovarian follicle is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The antrum is the large fluid-filled cavity within a mature ovarian follicle. The zona pellucida is a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the oocyte. The corpus (luteum) is a temporary endocrine structure that forms from the remnants of the ovarian follicle after ovulation. The liquor folliculi is another name for the fluid that fills the antrum of the ovarian follicle.

Quiz 27: The Reproductive System