Question 1

The combination of malformed permanent incisors and first molars suggests which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Congenital syphilis can cause dental abnormalities, including malformed permanent incisors (Hutchinson's incisors) and first molars (Mulberry molars), which are indicative of the disease.

Question 2

Chronic cough, productive cough, chest pain, and chronic oral ulcers would be suggestive of all the following except:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chronic cough, productive cough, chest pain, and...

Question 3

The presenting clinical sign(s) of primary syphilis when it occurs in the oral/perioral region through oral-genital contact is (are):

Accepted Answer

Chronic ulceration is the typical presenting sign of primary syphilis in the oral/perioral region, characterized by a painless ulcer (chancre) at the site of infection.

Question 4

A 45-year-old man presented with a draining chronic abscess, the origin of which was within the mandible. A cutaneous sinus, located at the lower posterior border of the mandible, exuded pus with yellow granules. This is a typical clinical presentation of which of the following diseases?

Accepted Answer

Actinomycosis is characterized by the formation of chronic abscesses that can drain through sinus tracts to the skin, often exuding pus containing characteristic yellow granules, which are colonies of the causative bacteria, Actinomyces species. This presentation is typical for actinomycosis, especially when originating from the mandible.

Question 5

After the effects of local anesthesia began to diminish, a dental patient became aware of a painful gingival ulcer that was associated with excessive dental instrumentation. This would be an example of a(n) _____ ulcer.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of an iatrogenic ulcer, which is caused by medical examination or treatment, in this case, excessive dental instrumentation.

Question 6

Most oral cancers appear to be linked to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Tobacco use is a major risk factor for the development of oral cancers. This includes smoking cigarettes, cigars, pipes, as well as the use of smokeless tobacco products.

Question 7

A patient breaks out in numerous painful oral ulcers. The patient has just recovered from lesions caused by reactivated herpes simplex virus. Which of the following diagnoses should be entertained for the new oral lesions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient breaks out in numerous painful...

Question 8

A spirochetemia is associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Spirochetemia, the presence of spirochetes in the blood, is associated with secondary syphilis, which is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum.

Question 9

Granulomas and granulomatous inflammation are defined microscopically by the presence in tissue of abundant numbers of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Granulomas and granulomatous inflammation are characterized by the presence of macrophages, often transformed into epithelioid cells, and sometimes multinucleated giant cells, not by the options listed.

Question 10

The overall 5-year survival rate for oral squamous cell carcinoma, which has only significantly improved in the past decade, is approximately:

Accepted Answer

The overall 5-year survival rate for oral squamous cell carcinoma is approximately 60%. This statistic reflects improvements in detection, treatment, and management strategies for this type of cancer over recent years.

Question 11

Ziehl-Neelsen is a microscopic special stain that is used to demonstrate microorganisms (in tissue) that cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The Ziehl-Neelsen stain is specifically used to identify acid-fast bacilli, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. This staining technique is crucial for diagnosing tuberculosis by highlighting the bacteria in tissue samples.

Question 12

Which of the following, relative to syphilis, is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

The incidence of syphilis has not been dropping dramatically; in fact, many regions have reported increases in syphilis rates in recent years. Choices A, B, D, and E are correct statements regarding syphilis.

Question 13

A 52-year-old man presents with an ulcer in the floor of his mouth of 8 weeks' duration. The lesion measures 1 * 2 cm, is indurated, and is slightly uncomfortable for the patient. What should the clinician do at this point in time?

Accepted Answer

Given the characteristics of the lesion (ulcer in the floor of the mouth, duration of 8 weeks, induration, and discomfort), a biopsy is warranted to rule out malignancy and other serious conditions. Observing, treating with prednisone or nystatin, or conducting a direct immunofluorescence test without a biopsy would not be appropriate initial steps given the potential seriousness of the findings.

Question 14

The dentist or hygienist, through careless physical contact, could contract all the following from a diseased patient (with oral lesions) except:

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of cancer and cannot be contracted through physical contact. It is not an infectious disease like the others listed.

Question 15

The so-called traumatic granuloma that mimics oral squamous cell carcinoma clinically is most commonly seen in which of the following sites?

Accepted Answer

The traumatic granuloma, also known as a traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE), most commonly occurs on the tongue. It can mimic oral squamous cell carcinoma both clinically and histologically, leading to diagnostic challenges.

Question 16

A patient with stage I oral squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip would be expected to have a _____ prognosis.

Accepted Answer

Stage I oral squamous cell carcinoma generally indicates a small tumor without spread to lymph nodes or distant sites, leading to a good prognosis with appropriate treatment.

Question 17

Degranulation of IgE-coated mast cells is associated with which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Degranulation of IgE-coated mast cells is associated...

Question 18

Penicillin is the drug of choice for treatment of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin is the drug of choice for treating actinomycosis, a bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species.

Question 19

The traumatic tongue ulceration seen in infants in association with natal teeth is known as _____ ulceration.

Accepted Answer

Riga-Fede disease is characterized by traumatic ulceration on the tongue or lips in infants, often associated with natal or neonatal teeth.

Question 20

A clinical differential diagnosis of a chronic, relatively nonpainful ulcer of the hard palate would include all the following except:

Accepted Answer

Aphthous ulcers typically do not occur on the hard palate, especially when considering chronic, relatively nonpainful ulcers. They are more common on movable mucosa, not on the hard, fixed tissues. Squamous cell carcinoma, necrotizing sialometaplasia, tuberculosis, and traumatic ulcers can all present as chronic ulcers in the hard palate area.

Quiz 2: Ul-cerative Conditions