Question 1

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between prevalence of lung cancer and smoking
A) Lung cancer has decreased in prevalence and thus its relationship with smoking is unclear.
B) Rates of lung cancer mortality started to rise about 20 years after the increase in smoking.
C) The gap between women and men who smoke in mortality due to lung cancer remains the same as it was 40 years ago.
D) Mortality rates due to lung cancer are the same as in the days of Christopher Columbus.

Accepted Answer

Rates of lung cancer mortality indeed started to rise approximately 20 years after the increase in smoking rates, reflecting the latency period between the onset of smoking and the development of lung cancer.

Question 2

Factors that predict the movement from drug use to drug abuse include
A) rebelliousness and sensation seeking.
B) rebelliousness and genetics.
C) high levels of social conformity and social learning.
D) impulsivity and stress.

Accepted Answer

Rebelliousness and sensation seeking are personality traits that can increase the likelihood of transitioning from drug use to drug abuse, as they are associated with a higher propensity for risk-taking behaviors and seeking novel experiences.

Question 3

Which of the following drugs is one of the most popular in the world
A) cocaine
B) barbiturates
C) heroin
D) marijuana

Accepted Answer

Marijuana is one of the most popular and widely used drugs in the world, both for medicinal and recreational purposes. Its legality in many countries and states has contributed to its widespread use and acceptance.

Question 4

Historically, _____ occurs more in countries that incorporate drinking into daily life, whereas _____ occurs more in countries that restrict alcohol use.
A) alcoholism; problem drinking
B) problem drinking; alcoholism
C) intoxication; daily drinking
D) daily drinking; intoxication

Accepted Answer

The answer of Historically, _____ occurs more in countries that...

Question 5

In comparison to the research on the effects of smoking and drinking on health, the research on effects of drug use on health is
A) well documented.
B) not well documented.
C) rapidly catching up.
D) hampered by negative public opinions.

Accepted Answer

Research on the effects of drug use on health is not as well documented as the research on smoking and drinking. This is due to various factors including legal restrictions, variability in substances, and challenges in conducting long-term studies on illegal drug use.

Question 6

Which is not true about passive smoking
A) It can cause cancer in healthy nonsmokers.
B) Children of smokers have more respiratory infections than children of nonsmokers.
C) The smoke that comes from the end of a burning cigarette contains high concentrations of carcinogens.
D) Designating some tables in the corner of a restaurant as smoking tables and the rest as nonsmoking eliminates the exposure of nonsmokers to the harmful effects of smoke.

Accepted Answer

Designating smoking and nonsmoking areas in a restaurant does not eliminate the exposure of nonsmokers to smoke because smoke can easily diffuse throughout the space, affecting everyone in the environment.

Question 7

Jose has had 5 glasses of beer and decides he needs to drive to the grocery store. He says to his roommate "I always sober up as soon as I get behind the wheel." He is _____ the effects of alcohol on his ability to drive.
A) overestimating
B) underestimating
C) accurately estimating
D) cognitively restructuring

Accepted Answer

Jose is underestimating the effects of alcohol on his ability to drive, as alcohol significantly impairs driving abilities and judgment, and these effects cannot be negated simply by deciding to drive.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in alcohol consumption
A) Men drink more than women only in adolescence.
B) Men drink more than women during adolescence but women drink more during adult life.
C) Men drink more than women throughout the lifespan.
D) Women drink more than men only in adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Men tend to drink more than women throughout the lifespan, reflecting consistent findings across various studies and cultures. This difference is attributed to biological, social, and cultural factors.

Question 9

The strongest factor in determining teenagers' decreasing use of drugs is
A) stress
B) genetics
C) drug availability
D) beliefs about the harmfulness of drugs.

Accepted Answer

Beliefs about the harmfulness of drugs are a significant factor in determining teenagers' use of drugs. When teenagers perceive drugs as harmful, they are less likely to use them. This perception acts as a deterrent, influencing their decisions and behaviors regarding drug use.

Question 10

Which of the following effects of using cocaine are linked to increased risk for stroke and heart attack
A) blood vessel constriction
B) increase in heart rate
C) cardiac arrhythmia
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Cocaine use can lead to blood vessel constriction, an increase in heart rate, and cardiac arrhythmia, all of which are factors that increase the risk for stroke and heart attack.

Question 11

Most problem drinkers are
A) college students.
B) unemployed.
C) married.
D) separated from their families.

Accepted Answer

Most problem drinkers are married. This demographic includes individuals who may be managing stress and responsibilities associated with family life, which can sometimes contribute to alcohol misuse.

Question 12

Risk factors that link smoking to cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) include
A) having a lifestyle that includes other risk factors.
B) low blood pressure which causes the nicotine to be metabolized more slowly.
C) being a female.
D) having relatively low stress levels in one's life.

Accepted Answer

Smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular heart disease (CHD), and its effects can be exacerbated by a lifestyle that includes other risk factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and excessive alcohol consumption. These factors can synergistically increase the risk of developing CHD.

Question 13

Researchers have found that when habitual smokers are provided with low nicotine cigarettes they:
A) smoke more to maintain their nicotine intake
B) smoke about the same number of cigarettes.
C) smoke less because of low-tar cigarettes taste awful.
D) are very likely to stop smoking after a short period of time.

Accepted Answer

Habitual smokers tend to smoke more low nicotine cigarettes to maintain their usual nicotine intake, compensating for the lower nicotine content by increasing the number of cigarettes smoked.

Question 14

Which of the following concepts accounts for the fact that Hank tries to keep pace with his friends in terms of number of drinks consumed when they are out together at a bar
A) abstinence violation effect
B) substance-related cues
C) negative reinforcement
D) modeling

Accepted Answer

Modeling explains Hank's behavior, as it involves imitating the actions of others, in this case, matching the drinking behavior of his friends.

Question 15

Heavy drinking has been linked to all of the following health problems except
A) asthma.
B) cirrhosis.
C) brain damage.
D) high blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Heavy drinking is known to cause a variety of health issues, including cirrhosis of the liver, brain damage, and high blood pressure, but it is not directly linked to causing asthma.

Question 16

Terrance has a history of alcoholism in his family. Which of the following might happen to Terrance that would be less likely to happen to his friends without a similar family history
A) stronger cravings for alcohol after his first drink
B) stronger dislike for the taste of alcohol
C) lower tolerance for the effects of alcohol
D) his family history will not have any impact on his drinking

Accepted Answer

Terrance's family history of alcoholism may predispose him to stronger cravings for alcohol after his first drink, as genetic factors can influence the development of alcohol use disorders.

Question 17

The movement in Canada and the United States which advocated total abstinence from alcohol was called
A) temperance.
B) behaviour modification.
C) behaviourism.
D) the Roaring 20s.

Accepted Answer

The movement advocating for total abstinence from alcohol in Canada and the United States was called the temperance movement. This movement aimed to reduce the consumption of alcoholic beverages and eventually led to Prohibition in the United States.

Question 18

Which statement is accurate regarding long-term effects of marijuana and and tobacco use
A) They both are linked to CHD.
B) They both are linked to the development of cancer.
C) They both are linked to lung damage.
D) Marijuana use has no long term effects on health.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement is accurate regarding long-term effects...

Question 19

The phrase "lifetime prevalence rate" refers to
A) number of new cases in a year.
B) proportion of individuals who have experienced the problem at any point in their lifetime.
C) another term for mortality rate.
D) another term for morbidity rate.

Accepted Answer

Lifetime prevalence rate refers to the proportion of individuals in a population who have experienced a particular problem or condition at any point in their lifetime.

Question 20

The substances in cigarettes which contribute to cardiovascular disease are
A) tar and carbon.
B) winston and salem.
C) carbon monoxide and nicotine.
D) filters and menthol.

Accepted Answer

Carbon monoxide and nicotine are the substances in cigarettes that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin more effectively than oxygen, reducing the amount of oxygen that can be transported in the blood, while nicotine stimulates the body in a way that can lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure, both of which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Quiz 7: Substance Use and Abuse

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between prevalence of lung cancer and smoking

Factors that predict the movement from drug use to drug abuse include

Which of the following drugs is one of the most popular in the world

Historically, _ occurs more in countries that incorporate drinking into daily life, whereas _ occurs more in countries that restrict alcohol use.

In comparison to the research on the effects of smoking and drinking on health, the research on effects of drug use on health is

Which is not true about passive smoking

Jose has had 5 glasses of beer and decides he needs to drive to the grocery store. He says to his roommate "I always sober up as soon as I get behind the wheel." He is _____ the effects of alcohol on his ability to drive.

Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in alcohol consumption

The strongest factor in determining teenagers' decreasing use of drugs is

Which of the following effects of using cocaine are linked to increased risk for stroke and heart attack

Most problem drinkers are

Risk factors that link smoking to cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) include

Researchers have found that when habitual smokers are provided with low nicotine cigarettes they:

Which of the following concepts accounts for the fact that Hank tries to keep pace with his friends in terms of number of drinks consumed when they are out together at a bar

Heavy drinking has been linked to all of the following health problems except

Terrance has a history of alcoholism in his family. Which of the following might happen to Terrance that would be less likely to happen to his friends without a similar family history

The movement in Canada and the United States which advocated total abstinence from alcohol was called

Which statement is accurate regarding long-term effects of marijuana and and tobacco use

The phrase "lifetime prevalence rate" refers to

The substances in cigarettes which contribute to cardiovascular disease are