Question 1

The study that examined kindergartners' ability to point to various locations in their classroom while imagining a walk from their seat to the teacher's chair demonstrated that kindergarten children

Accepted Answer

The study demonstrated that kindergarten children have mental representations of space that are improved with self-generated motion, indicating that they can imagine spatial arrangements while in motion rather than stationary. This suggests that their ability to imagine spatial arrangements is enhanced by self-generated or active movement.

Question 2

Which phrase is NOT a characteristic of naïve psychological concepts?

Accepted Answer

Naïve psychological concepts are not limited to understanding only the self but also apply to understanding others.

Question 3

_____ is the realization that all sets of N objects have something in common.

Accepted Answer

Numerical equality states that all sets of N objects have the same number of objects, which means they have something in common. This concept is also known as the one-to-one correspondence principle.

Question 4

In the domain of spatial representation and learning, nativists and empiricists agree on which statement?

Accepted Answer

Both nativists and empiricists agree that certain parts of the brain are specialized for coding particular types of spatial information, acknowledging the role of innate brain structures in spatial representation.

Question 5

The understanding that any set of discrete objects or events can be counted represents

Accepted Answer

The answer of The understanding that any set of discrete...

Question 6

In the study discussed in the text in which 9- to 11-month-old infants were shown a series of actions and then given opportunities to reproduce the actions, _____ was necessary for the infants to reproduce the actions accurately.

Accepted Answer

The study found that a causal relationship amongst the actions was necessary for the infants to accurately reproduce the actions, suggesting that understanding the cause-and-effect relationship helped them in imitation.

Question 7

The realization that all sets of N object have something in common is called

Accepted Answer

The answer of The realization that all sets of N...

Question 8

Children's psychological understanding begins to emerge by about what age?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children's psychological understanding begins to emerge by...

Question 9

Which category do children usually learn first?

Accepted Answer

Children usually learn basic categories first, which are broad and unambiguous, making them easy to understand and remember. Subordinate and supersubordinate categories are more specific and complex, while superordinate categories are too abstract and general for children to comprehend at an early age.

Question 10

Which category do children generally form last?

Accepted Answer

Children generally learn about basic categories such as animals and plants before more specific categories such as types of trees. Oak is a specific type of tree, so it is likely that children would learn this category last compared to more general categories.

Question 11

Jenny recently mastered an understanding of the connection between desires and actions. She is likely what age?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jenny recently mastered an understanding of the...

Question 12

Which statement does NOT support the claim of nativists that children are born with a "biology module"?

Accepted Answer

This statement does not directly relate to children's innate biology module, but instead suggests cultural influences on a specific belief about inanimate objects.

Question 13

Which of these describes the purpose of concepts?

Accepted Answer

Concepts serve multiple functions: they help us understand the world by providing a framework for organizing our knowledge, they can influence our emotional reactions to new experiences by shaping our expectations and interpretations, and they provide a basis by which to group together objects, ideas, events, etc., based on shared characteristics or principles.

Question 14

Infants are first able to code space relative to

Accepted Answer

Infants first understand space in relation to their own body position, a foundational aspect of spatial awareness and cognitive development. This self-referential perspective is crucial for their initial interactions with and understanding of the world around them.

Question 15

A structured understanding of how desires, beliefs, perceptions, and emotions influence behaviour is referred to as a theory of

Accepted Answer

A theory of mind refers to the ability to attribute mental states—such as desires, beliefs, perceptions, and emotions—to oneself and others, and to understand that these states can influence behavior.

Question 16

Which statement would BEST support nativists' view of causal reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Nativists argue that causal reasoning is an innate ability, and evidence of causal reasoning during the first year supports the idea that it is not solely dependent on learning or experience.

Question 17

Which level of category hierarchies do children usually learn FIRST?

Accepted Answer

Children typically learn basic-level categories first because these categories are more concrete and perceptually similar, making them easier to understand and differentiate.

Question 18

When 12-month-olds saw an experimenter look at and demonstrate an interest in one of two toy stuffed kittens, they

Accepted Answer

12-month-olds have developed enough social understanding to expect consistency in others' actions and preferences. When the experimenter showed interest in one kitten but then held the other, it contradicted the infants' expectation based on the demonstrated preference, leading to surprise.

Question 19

Isabella, who is 5 years old, observes her little brother counting the nine pennies in front of him. He first lines up all the pennies, and then begins to count them, starting from the middle of the line, proceeding first all the way to the end of the line on the right, and then continuing with the left-most penny and counting to the right, ending on the penny directly to the left of the penny he counted first. He counts "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9" and then says, "I have nine pennies." When Isabella is asked if her brother counted correctly, which response is she MOST likely to make?

Accepted Answer

Isabella is most likely to choose option B as she mentions that the number of pennies is correct but she would not count them in the same way as her brother. This suggests that she is aware that there are different ways of counting and has her own preferred method.

Question 20

The most specific level within a category hierarchy is called a _____ level.

Accepted Answer

The most specific level within a category hierarchy is called a subordinate level. This level refers to the most detailed or specific class within a broader category, such as "poodle" within the broader category of "dogs."

Quiz 7: Conceptual Development