Question 1

A belief in phylogenic continuity is necessary for developmentalists to

Accepted Answer

Belief in phylogenic continuity means that there is a common evolutionary history across species. This belief is necessary for developmentalists to understand that prenatal experiences can affect adult development, as this phenomenon is observed in many species that share a common ancestor.

Question 2

Infants in what geographic part of Canada are more likely to die before their first birthday than are infants in other parts of the country?

Accepted Answer

Infants in the North of Canada are more likely to die before their first birthday due to factors such as limited access to healthcare services, socioeconomic challenges, and harsher living conditions compared to other regions.

Question 3

Mitosis is another term for

Accepted Answer

Mitosis is the process of cell division, in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Question 4

Marcy is learning about maternal influences on fetal health. Which maternal characteristic does NOT tend to have a negative impact on the health of the fetus?

Accepted Answer

Maternal age and the maturity of the eggs can have an impact on fetal health, but it is not necessarily negative in all cases. In fact, older maternal age and mature eggs are associated with a reduced risk of chromosomal abnormalities. Low socioeconomic status, malnutrition, and genital herpes are all known to have negative impacts on fetal health.

Question 5

Habituation involves a(n) _____ heart rate response.

Accepted Answer

Habituation involves a decreased heart rate response, as it is the gradual decline in responsiveness to a repeated or prolonged stimulus.

Question 6

What advice should be given to expectant parents who are interested in educating their child in a foreign language and classical literature before birth?

Accepted Answer

While it is possible for a baby to recognize and prefer certain patterns or rhythms of language and literature while in the womb, they are not able to hear specific words or learn any factual knowledge at this stage. Therefore, it is important for parents to understand that any exposure to language and literature in the womb may have a limited impact on their child's development, and they should not put too much pressure on themselves or their unborn child to learn a language or literature before birth.

Question 7

Maria just had a baby at 38 weeks after conception. Her newborn weighed 2200 grams and would be labelled as

Accepted Answer

A newborn weighing less than the 10th percentile for their gestational age is considered "small for gestational age" (SGA). At 38 weeks, a typical newborn weighs more than 2200 grams, so Maria's baby is SGA.

Question 8

Which sound is a newborn MOST likely to prefer?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which sound is a newborn MOST likely...

Question 9

Which item would likely be MOST interesting to a scientist interested in embryos?

Accepted Answer

An ultrasound image of an unborn fetus 4 weeks following conception would be the most interesting to a scientist interested in embryos as it would provide direct visualization of the developing embryo and its structures. X-ray of a 2-year-old child would not provide information about embryo development, and a blood test of a pregnant woman would provide information about the mother but not directly about the embryo. A picture of a family would also not provide information about embryo development.

Question 10

For which fetal behaviour is there no clear explanation?

Accepted Answer

The purpose of fetal hiccups is not well understood, unlike other behaviors which have clearer developmental or physiological roles.

Question 11

Shelby is a Canadian woman expecting her first child. She is nervous about the birth and delivery. What is the likelihood that she will have a surgical delivery by cesarean?

Accepted Answer

In Canada, the cesarean section rate is approximately 28%, making it the most likely option among the given choices.

Question 12

Which statement about the development of sex organs is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The development of sex organs is primarily determined by the presence or absence of androgens (such as testosterone) produced by the fetal testes. If the fetus produces androgens, then it will develop male sex organs; if it produces little or no androgens, then it will develop female sex organs. The hormone production of the mother does not play a significant role in the development of the fetal sex organs.

Question 13

Which condition is NOT associated with poverty?

Accepted Answer

Improved prenatal care is not associated with poverty, while poor nutrition, drug abuse, and exposure to environmental hazards are common conditions related to poverty.

Question 14

Which event is thought to be due to apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that is crucial for removing unnecessary or damaged cells. The loss of cells between the ridges on the hand plate is an example of apoptosis, as it helps shape the fingers during embryonic development.

Question 15

When do most miscarriages occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When do most miscarriages occur?
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Question 16

Which pattern of maternal alcohol consumption is considered acceptable in terms of avoiding harmful effects?

Accepted Answer

There is no established safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Even low levels of alcohol consumption can increase the risk of harm to the developing fetus. Therefore, it is recommended for pregnant women to avoid alcohol consumption altogether.

Question 17

How many chromosome pairs do gametes contain?

Accepted Answer

Gametes contain half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells, so they contain 23 chromosome pairs in humans. Choice A, 13, is incorrect because that is the number of chromosome pairs in the Chinese hamster. Choice C, 49, and choice D, 92, are both incorrect because they exceed the number of chromosomes in human somatic cells (46).

Question 18

Negative developmental outcomes are particularly likely when there are

Accepted Answer

Multiple risk factors, such as poverty, family stress, and parental substance abuse, can have a cumulative effect on development and increase the likelihood of negative outcomes. While genetic defects, psychiatric disorders, and educational disadvantages can also be risk factors, they are not necessarily present in all cases and may not have as strong of an impact as multiple risk factors.

Question 19

Preterm infants whose mothers participated in an intervention that included all factors EXCEPT _____ showed fewer behaviour problems at age 5 in comparison with mothers who did not receive the intervention.

Accepted Answer

The intervention focused on increasing parental self-confidence, support sessions, and teaching about parents' responsiveness, but not on explaining disciplinary techniques.

Question 20

Reproductive cells that contain only half the genetic material of all the other cells in the body are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Gametes are the reproductive cells that contain only half of the genetic material (haploid) of all the other cells in the body (diploid). Embryos are early stage multicellular organisms formed by the fusion of gametes. Zygotes are the result of the fusion of haploid gametes, which then forms a diploid cell that can develop into an embryo. "Genetic cells" is not a commonly used term in biology.

Quiz 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period