Question 1

Which variable is NOT a strong predictor of poor-quality parenting?

Accepted Answer

Adequate shelter is not a strong predictor of poor-quality parenting. While poverty, homelessness, and marital conflict are all factors that can contribute to poorer quality parenting, the quality of shelter is not typically considered a significant factor in parenting outcomes.

Question 2

The large-scale study of the effects of childcare that was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) in the United States demonstrated which finding about the effects of child care on children's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

The NICHD study found that high-quality childcare was associated with positive effects on children's cognitive development.

Question 3

Which result is NOT a consequence of divorce on children?

Accepted Answer

The other three choices (increased delinquency, decreased income in adulthood, and decreased social competence) are all common consequences of divorce on children according to research. However, there is not necessarily a decreased rate of divorce in adulthood for children of divorce. Some studies suggest that they may be more likely to divorce themselves, while others suggest that they may be less likely, but there is not a clear consensus.

Question 4

In defining a parent's parenting style, an important dimension is the degree of

Accepted Answer

Control refers to the degree of regulation and supervision the parent has over their child's behavior. It is an important dimension in defining a parent's parenting style, as it can vary from being very authoritarian and controlling to being very permissive and lenient. Other dimensions such as indirect socialization, respect, and socio-economic health are also important in understanding parenting styles, but they are not as central as control.

Question 5

Which statement about sibling relationships is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Siblings with parents who have a good relationship tend to model that behavior and have better relationships with each other, while parental conflict can negatively impact sibling relationships.

Question 6

Four-year-old Derek is playing with his trucks and does not want to come to the dinner table. In response, his mother storms over to where he is playing, grabs his trucks away from him, and yells, "I told you to come eat dinner! Come to the table right now or I will throw those trucks in the garbage." Derek's mother is rarely affectionate with him, even in situations in which he is complying with her wishes. Derek's mother would likely be classified as

Accepted Answer

Derek's mother's behavior is characterized by a focus on obedience and control, with little room for negotiation or flexibility. She uses threats and punishment to assert her authority, which are typical traits of an authoritarian parenting style. This style of parenting is marked by high demands for obedience and conformity, low levels of warmth and affection, and an emphasis on punishment rather than positive reinforcement.

Question 7

Which statement about cultural differences in the effect of parenting style on child outcome is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the meaning and interpretation of discipline and control can vary across cultures, which can impact the effectiveness of the authoritarian parenting style. The other options are not entirely accurate - there is some evidence that cultural differences can impact the effects of permissive/uninvolved parenting, and research on parenting styles has been conducted in multiple cultures around the world.

Question 8

Cross-cultural studies of parenting styles have demonstrated that a factor that does NOT differ across cultures and subcultures is

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural studies have shown that some dimensions, such as warmth and control, consistently define different parenting styles across cultures and subcultures. However, the prevalence of different parenting styles, the meaning of particular parenting styles to children, and the outcomes associated with different parenting styles vary cross-culturally.

Question 9

Which statement about adolescent parents is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The rate of adolescent pregnancies is higher amongst Indigenous women than non-Indigenous women due to various socio-economic and cultural factors.

Question 10

Which factor is NOT associated with better integration of a stepparent into a family?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which factor is NOT associated with better...

Question 11

Which child is probably LEAST likely to exhibit adjustment problems?

Accepted Answer

Children whose parents are divorced but have low levels of conflict are typically the least likely to exhibit adjustment problems. The stress of the divorce itself can be difficult for children, but if their parents are able to maintain a relatively amicable relationship, it can provide a sense of stability and security for the child. High levels of conflict, whether the parents are married or divorced, can have a negative impact on the child's well-being.

Question 12

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe a change in Canadian families that has occurred in the past few decades?

Accepted Answer

The rate of teen pregnancies in Canada has actually decreased over the past few decades, due to better access to contraception and sexual education.

Question 13

The co-occurrence of multiple forms of maltreatment is called

Accepted Answer

Polyvictimization refers to the experience of multiple forms of victimization or maltreatment, such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and psychological abuse, often experienced in combination.

Question 14

Which of these contributes to the parenting children receive?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these contributes to the parenting...

Question 15

Both Mateo's parents and Ayden's parents are divorced, and Mateo and Ayden each live with their mother and stepfather, but see their biological father often. Mateo's biological father and stepfather get along quite well, but Ayden's biological father and stepfather frequently argue and have a conflictual relationship. Which of the following statements is the BEST prediction of how the boys will adjust to their new families?

Accepted Answer

Mateo is likely to be better adjusted than Ayden because the low conflict between his stepfather and father creates a more harmonious family environment, which is beneficial for adjustment.

Question 16

Children of which type of parents tend to be low in social and academic competence, unhappy and unfriendly, and low in self-confidence, but do not tend to be particularly low in self-control or to be particularly high in impulsivity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children of which type of parents tend...

Question 17

Reasoning that is focused on the effects of a behaviour on other people is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Other-oriented induction involves reasoning that considers the impact of one's behavior on others, emphasizing empathy and understanding of others' perspectives.

Question 18

The highest rate of skip-generation families can be found where?

Accepted Answer

Nunavut has the highest rate of skip-generation families, where grandparents are raising grandchildren without the presence of the parents. This is due to various socio-economic and cultural factors prevalent in the region.

Question 19

The bidirectional nature of hostile parenting behaviours and hostile adolescent behaviours results in

Accepted Answer

The bidirectional nature of hostile parenting and adolescent behaviors often leads to an escalation, as each party's hostility can provoke and intensify the other's negative behaviors.

Question 20

According to Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, _____ is central to a child's microsystem.

Accepted Answer

According to Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, the microsystem refers to the immediate environment in which a child grows and develops, such as family, school, and peer groups. The family is considered to be the most central and influential unit within a child's microsystem.

Quiz 12: The Family