Question 1

________ refers to the application of more force than is required to compel compliance from a suspect.

Accepted Answer

Excessive force refers to the application of more force than is necessary to compel compliance from a suspect.

Question 2

In which situation are police most likely to use force?

Accepted Answer

Police are most likely to use force during an arrest situation, as this is when they may encounter resistance or a threat to their safety that necessitates the use of force to ensure compliance and safety.

Question 3

The police working personality was described by Jerome Skolnick.

Accepted Answer

Jerome Skolnick introduced the concept of the "police working personality" in his work, highlighting how the unique pressures and demands of policing shape officers' attitudes and behaviors.

Question 4

Which of the following situations could lead to a civil suit for police negligence?

Accepted Answer

A civil suit for police negligence typically involves harm caused by a failure to exercise reasonable care. In this case, injuring an innocent bystander during a high-speed pursuit could be seen as negligence if the officer did not follow proper protocols or acted recklessly.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a discretionary decision that might be made by a patrol officer?

Accepted Answer

The decision to charge a suspect with a crime is typically not a discretionary decision made by a patrol officer. This decision is usually made by prosecutors or district attorneys based on the evidence provided by law enforcement. Patrol officers can make arrests and recommend charges, but the formal decision to charge someone is beyond their discretion.

Question 6

A federal civil suit alleging police misconduct that is filed against a federal law enforcement officer is commonly known as a

Accepted Answer

A Bivens action refers to a lawsuit for damages against federal law enforcement officers alleging constitutional violations, named after the 1971 Supreme Court case Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents.

Question 7

The "slippery slope" perspective suggests that accepting minor gratuities can lead to more serious violations of the law.

Accepted Answer

The "slippery slope" perspective posits that accepting minor gratuities or small unethical actions can gradually lead to acceptance of larger unethical behaviors or more serious violations of the law, as the initial minor acceptance lowers moral barriers and ethical standards.

Question 8

The intentional use of a firearm or other instrument resulting in a high probability of death is known as

Accepted Answer

Deadly force refers to the use of a firearm or other means that are likely to cause death or serious bodily harm intentionally.

Question 9

Prior to the Supreme Court ruling in Tennessee v.Garner,the use of deadly force by the police was governed by the ________ rule.

Accepted Answer

The "fleeing felon" rule allowed police to use deadly force against a suspect who was fleeing from a felony crime, prior to the Tennessee v. Garner decision, which established more restrictive guidelines.

Question 10

The police subculture is mainly communicated through formal academy training.

Accepted Answer

The police subculture is primarily communicated and reinforced through informal socialization processes, such as interactions with veteran officers and daily experiences on the job, rather than through formal academy training.

Question 11

The current standard for the use of deadly force by federal agents is

Accepted Answer

The current standard for the use of deadly force by federal agents is "imminent danger." This means that an agent may only use deadly force if they reasonably believe that they or someone else is in imminent danger of being killed or seriously injured.

Question 12

________ profiling is known as any police action initiated on the basis of the race,ethnicity,or national origin of a suspect rather than on the suspect's behavior or on information that identifies the suspect as being engaged in criminal activity.

Accepted Answer

Racial profiling specifically refers to police actions that are initiated based on the race, ethnicity, or national origin of a suspect, rather than their behavior or specific information indicating criminal activity.

Question 13

In 2003,the U.S.Department of Justice banned its practice of racial profiling in all federal law enforcement agencies,except in cases involving

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Department of Justice banned the practice of racial profiling in all federal law enforcement agencies in 2003, but made an exception for cases involving terrorist suspects. This was due to the heightened concern for national security following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

Question 14

________ shields law enforcement officers from constitutional lawsuits if reasonable officers would believe their actions were lawful in light of clearly established law and the available information possessed by the officers.

Accepted Answer

Qualified immunity is the doctrine that protects government officials, including law enforcement officers, from lawsuits alleging violations of individuals' rights, unless the officials violated "clearly established" statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.

Question 15

A ________ weapon is designed to disable,capture,or immobilize,but not kill,a suspect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ weapon is designed to disable,capture,or...

Question 16

Which of the following is not an element of the federal deadly force policy?

Accepted Answer

Racial bias is not an element of the federal deadly force policy. The policy focuses on situations like defense of life, fleeing subjects, and the use of warning shots.

Question 17

Law enforcement supervisors are

Accepted Answer

Law enforcement supervisors can be held civilly responsible for the actions of their officers if they fail to properly supervise, train, or discipline them, leading to misconduct or violations of rights.

Question 18

The ability of police officers to make choices such as whether or not to investigate is known as

Accepted Answer

Discretion refers to the power or right to decide or act according to one's own judgment. In the context of police work, it involves decisions about whether to investigate, arrest, or take other actions.

Question 19

A federal civil suit alleging police misconduct that is filed against a local police officer is commonly known as a

Accepted Answer

Section 1983 lawsuits allow individuals to sue state and local government officials, including police officers, for civil rights violations. This provision is found in Title 42 of the U.S. Code.

Question 20

In which 1989 case did the U.S.Supreme Court establish the standard of "objective reasonableness" in determining the appropriate use of deadly force by a police officer?

Accepted Answer

Graham v. Connor (1989) established the "objective reasonableness" standard under the Fourth Amendment for determining the appropriate use of force by law enforcement officers.

Quiz 8: Policing: Issues and Challenges