Question 1

From the third month to term, the developing human is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

The developing human from the third month to term is called a fetus. The terms "embryo," "zygote," and "blastocyst" refer to earlier stages of development.

Question 2

The embryo is most vulnerable to teratogens during which stage of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

The embryo is most vulnerable to teratogens during the 1st trimester, which is from conception to 12 weeks of pregnancy. This is when the major organ systems are forming and any interference with the process can cause developmental abnormalities.

Question 3

A full-term pregnancy lasts ________ weeks.

Accepted Answer

A full-term pregnancy is typically defined as lasting between 38 and 42 weeks.

Question 4

An infant was born at 35 weeks gestation with a birth weight of 2 300 g. The infant is:

Accepted Answer

The infant is born at 35 weeks, which is considered preterm (before 37 weeks), and has a birth weight of 2,300 g, which is classified as low-birth-weight (less than 2,500 g).

Question 5

Women who are pregnant should limit their intake of fresh tuna, sword fish, and canned (white)albacore tuna to avoid ________ contamination.

Accepted Answer

Mercury is the contaminant of concern in larger fish like tuna and swordfish, as it can accumulate in their bodies and pose health risks when consumed, especially for pregnant women and their developing fetuses.

Question 6

Amanda is a healthy adult with a BMI of 23 kg/m². She has just found out she is pregnant and her doctor estimates that she is at 6 weeks gestation. Amanda decides to increase her energy intake by 400 kcal/day. Amanda's decision is:

Accepted Answer

In the first trimester, no additional energy intake is generally required for a healthy pregnancy.

Question 7

Inadequate intakes of ________ during pregnancy are associated with neural tube defects in the fetus.

Accepted Answer

Inadequate intakes of folate during pregnancy are associated with neural tube defects in the fetus. Folate is important for the development of the neural tube, which is the precursor to the brain and spinal cord. Women planning to become pregnant and during pregnancy should consume adequate amounts of folate-rich foods or take a folic acid supplement to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Adequate intake of other nutrients such as protein, iron, and calcium are also important during pregnancy for the healthy growth and development of the fetus.

Question 8

Which of the following fatty acids is critical to fetal brain and eye development?

Accepted Answer

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is critical for fetal brain and eye development.

Question 9

Shauna has just found out she is pregnant. Her prepregnancy BMI was 24 kg/m². How much weight would her doctor recommend she gain during her pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

For a woman with a prepregnancy BMI in the normal range (18.5-24.9 kg/m^2), the recommended weight gain during pregnancy is 11.5-16 kg.

Question 10

At what point during pregnancy is adequate folate the MOST important?

Accepted Answer

Adequate folate is most important during the first four weeks of pregnancy because this is when the neural tube is forming and folate is critical for proper neural development. Deficiencies during this time can lead to neural tube defects, which can cause serious and sometimes fatal health problems for the developing fetus.

Question 11

During the second and third trimesters, the energy needs of a pregnant woman increase by ________ kilocalories per day.

Accepted Answer

During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, the energy needs of a pregnant woman increase by approximately 350-450 kilocalories per day to support fetal growth and maternal metabolism and physical activity changes.

Question 12

Spina Bifida and anencephaly may result from an inadequate ________ intake prior to or during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Spina Bifida and anencephaly are neural tube defects that can result from inadequate folate intake before or during pregnancy. Folate is crucial for proper neural tube development.

Question 13

A substance that causes a birth defect is called a:

Accepted Answer

Teratogens are substances or factors that can cause congenital abnormalities or birth defects when a mother is exposed to them during pregnancy.

Question 14

A preterm infant is one that is born:

Accepted Answer

A preterm infant is defined as one born before 37 completed weeks of gestation, not 38 weeks as stated in the question. Choices A and B describe low birth weight and length, respectively, which can occur in both preterm and term infants for various reasons. Choice D, regarding the respiratory system, is a potential consequence of prematurity but not a defining characteristic of it.

Question 15

The recommended protein intake during the 9 months of pregnancy is:

Accepted Answer

The recommended protein intake during pregnancy is 1.1 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, to support fetal development and maternal health.

Question 16

________ is the point at which the ovum becomes fertilized by the sperm.

Accepted Answer

Conception is the process during which the sperm fertilizes the ovum, leading to the formation of a zygote. This is the initial stage of pregnancy.

Question 17

Women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index ________ have the lowest risk of a complicated pregnancy and delivery.

Accepted Answer

Women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index between 19.8 and 26.0 kg/m^2 have the lowest risk of a complicated pregnancy and delivery, as this range is considered to be within the healthy weight range.

Question 18

An undernourished mother is most likely to give birth to:

Accepted Answer

Undernourished mothers are more likely to give birth to low birth weight infants due to inadequate nutrition during pregnancy, which can affect fetal growth and development.

Question 19

During the first trimester, women are advised to gain:

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the first trimester, women are advised...

Question 20

How many kilograms lighter can a woman expect to be immediately after birth?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many kilograms lighter can a woman...

Quiz 16: Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Pregnancy and the First Years of Life

From the third month to term, the developing human is called a(n) :

The embryo is most vulnerable to teratogens during which stage of pregnancy?

A full-term pregnancy lasts ________ weeks.

An infant was born at 35 weeks gestation with a birth weight of 2 300 g. The infant is:

Women who are pregnant should limit their intake of fresh tuna, sword fish, and canned (white) albacore tuna to avoid ________ contamination.

Amanda is a healthy adult with a BMI of 23 kg/m². She has just found out she is pregnant and her doctor estimates that she is at 6 weeks gestation. Amanda decides to increase her energy intake by 400 kcal/day. Amanda's decision is:

Inadequate intakes of ________ during pregnancy are associated with neural tube defects in the fetus.

Which of the following fatty acids is critical to fetal brain and eye development?

Shauna has just found out she is pregnant. Her prepregnancy BMI was 24 kg/m². How much weight would her doctor recommend she gain during her pregnancy?

At what point during pregnancy is adequate folate the MOST important?

During the second and third trimesters, the energy needs of a pregnant woman increase by ________ kilocalories per day.

Spina Bifida and anencephaly may result from an inadequate ________ intake prior to or during pregnancy.

A substance that causes a birth defect is called a:

A preterm infant is one that is born:

The recommended protein intake during the 9 months of pregnancy is:

________ is the point at which the ovum becomes fertilized by the sperm.

Women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index ________ have the lowest risk of a complicated pregnancy and delivery.

An undernourished mother is most likely to give birth to:

During the first trimester, women are advised to gain:

How many kilograms lighter can a woman expect to be immediately after birth?

Quiz 16: Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Pregnancy and the First Years of Life

From the third month to term, the developing human is called a(n) :

The embryo is most vulnerable to teratogens during which stage of pregnancy?

A full-term pregnancy lasts ________ weeks.

An infant was born at 35 weeks gestation with a birth weight of 2 300 g. The infant is:

Women who are pregnant should limit their intake of fresh tuna, sword fish, and canned (white) albacore tuna to avoid ________ contamination.

Amanda is a healthy adult with a BMI of 23 kg/m2. She has just found out she is pregnant and her doctor estimates that she is at 6 weeks gestation. Amanda decides to increase her energy intake by 400 kcal/day. Amanda's decision is:

Inadequate intakes of ________ during pregnancy are associated with neural tube defects in the fetus.

Which of the following fatty acids is critical to fetal brain and eye development?

Shauna has just found out she is pregnant. Her prepregnancy BMI was 24 kg/m2. How much weight would her doctor recommend she gain during her pregnancy?

At what point during pregnancy is adequate folate the MOST important?

During the second and third trimesters, the energy needs of a pregnant woman increase by ________ kilocalories per day.

Spina Bifida and anencephaly may result from an inadequate ________ intake prior to or during pregnancy.

A substance that causes a birth defect is called a:

A preterm infant is one that is born:

The recommended protein intake during the 9 months of pregnancy is:

________ is the point at which the ovum becomes fertilized by the sperm.

Women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index ________ have the lowest risk of a complicated pregnancy and delivery.

An undernourished mother is most likely to give birth to:

During the first trimester, women are advised to gain:

How many kilograms lighter can a woman expect to be immediately after birth?

Amanda is a healthy adult with a BMI of 23 kg/m². She has just found out she is pregnant and her doctor estimates that she is at 6 weeks gestation. Amanda decides to increase her energy intake by 400 kcal/day. Amanda's decision is:

Shauna has just found out she is pregnant. Her prepregnancy BMI was 24 kg/m². How much weight would her doctor recommend she gain during her pregnancy?