Question 1

A process of developing core categories for further analysis by looking for: (a) words, phrases, or behaviors that occur frequently across cases; (b) are emphasized, and (c) are repeated within cases, is called _______________.
A) grounded theory approach
B) reflexive validity
C) exploratory questions
D) metaphor analysis
E) material culture

Accepted Answer

This process is known as the grounded theory approach, which involves developing theories based on data collected from the field. It emphasizes identifying patterns, themes, or categories that emerge from the data itself, rather than testing pre-existing hypotheses.

Question 2

Interpretive interactionalism refers to the degree to which the researcher fully explores how he or she interacts with the history, context, culture, and participants.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 3

In qualitative research the size of a sample is considered sufficient when the criteria of ____________ is met.
A) Redundancy
B) Reflexive inquiry
C) Situated knowledge
D) Grounded theory
E) Action

Accepted Answer

Redundancy, also known as data saturation, is the point in qualitative research when no new information or themes are observed in the data. This indicates that the sample size is sufficient.

Question 4

The crisis of legitimization in qualitative research identified by Denzin & Lincoln concerns which of the following issues?
A) How can qualitative researchers make claims of reality and truth?
B) If reality and truth are relative to culture, context and individual interpretations, how can research be evaluated?
C) If methods emerge from data analysis, how can the rigor of qualitative research be assessed?
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The crisis of legitimization in qualitative research, as identified by Denzin & Lincoln, encompasses all the mentioned issues: the challenge of making claims of reality and truth, the relativity of reality and truth to culture and context, and the assessment of rigor when methods emerge from data analysis.

Question 5

What is the purpose of identifying the focus of inquiry in designing qualitative research?
A) To establish boundaries for the investigation
B) To debrief participants
C) To identify themes in the data
D) To create interpretive interactionalism
E) To identify documents and material culture

Accepted Answer

Identifying the focus of inquiry helps establish boundaries for the investigation by defining what will be studied and guiding the research process.

Question 6

Which of the following is concerned with authenticity, reflexive validity, and phenomenological validity?
A) Degree to which data reflects the lived experience (including the tacit knowledge) of participants
B) Degree to which the recording of data and method of data collection preserve the experience of the participants
C) Degree to which participants agree with the researcher's interpretations of their lived experience
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the options (A, B, C) are concerned with different aspects of ensuring the authenticity, reflexive validity, and phenomenological validity in qualitative research. Option A focuses on the authenticity of the data in reflecting lived experiences, including tacit knowledge. Option B emphasizes the preservation of participants' experiences through the recording and data collection methods. Option C deals with the agreement of participants with the researcher's interpretations, which is crucial for reflexive validity. Together, they encompass the considerations necessary for maintaining phenomenological validity in research.

Question 7

A purposeful sample is comprised of people selected on the basis of a particular attribute.

Accepted Answer

A purposeful sample is indeed comprised of individuals who are selected specifically because they possess a particular attribute or characteristic that is of interest to the research study, allowing for more focused and relevant data collection.

Question 8

Lincoln & Guba argue that the best instruments for qualitative research are:
A) Human instruments
B) Nonhuman instruments

Accepted Answer

Lincoln & Guba argue that human instruments, due to their ability to adapt, empathize, and interact directly with the research context, are the best instruments for qualitative research. This approach allows for a more nuanced and in-depth understanding of the subject matter.

Question 9

Action research is research that promotes social change, policy change, problem solving, or program development and evaluation.

Accepted Answer

Action research is designed to address specific problems within a program, organization, or community by involving the participants in the research process to promote change, solve problems, and improve practices or policies.

Question 10

The purity of the recorded data in a qualitative study in comparison to the actual lived experience being assessed is called _____________, while the degree of flexibility in adapting methods during data collection is called ____________________.
A) fidelity, structure
B) structure, fidelity
C) redundancy, emergence
D) emergence, redundancy

Accepted Answer

Fidelity refers to the accuracy or purity of the recorded data in reflecting the actual lived experiences being studied, while structure denotes the degree of flexibility or rigidity in the research methods used during data collection.

Question 11

You should choose a qualitative design if which of the following conditions is met?
A) You want to assess causality
B) You want to generalize your results beyond your sample population
C) You want to report the occurrence of an objective measurable social behavior
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research designs are typically chosen for exploring, understanding, and interpreting the meanings individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem. They are not aimed at assessing causality (A), generalizing results beyond the sample population (B), or reporting the occurrence of objective measurable social behaviors (C), which are more aligned with quantitative research objectives.

Question 12

The emergence of theory as a result of data analysis is called:
A) Grounded theory
B) Fidelity
C) Ethnography
D) Legitimization
E) Interpretive interactionalism

Accepted Answer

Grounded theory is a research methodology that involves the development of theory through the analysis and interpretation of data.

Question 13

A criteria for evaluation of qualitative research includes emotionality and caring, according to Denzin & Lincoln.

Accepted Answer

Denzin and Lincoln suggest that criteria for evaluating qualitative research should include aspects like emotionality and caring, reflecting the depth and engagement of the research process with participants and context.

Question 14

Situated knowledge is research based on the experience of the writer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Situated knowledge is research based on the...

Quiz 8: Planning Your Qualitative Study: Design, Sampling, and Data Analysis

A process of developing core categories for further analysis by looking for: (a) words, phrases, or behaviors that occur frequently across cases; (b) are emphasized, and (c) are repeated within cases, is called _______________.

Interpretive interactionalism refers to the degree to which the researcher fully explores how he or she interacts with the history, context, culture, and participants.

In qualitative research the size of a sample is considered sufficient when the criteria of ____________ is met.

The crisis of legitimization in qualitative research identified by Denzin & Lincoln concerns which of the following issues?

What is the purpose of identifying the focus of inquiry in designing qualitative research?

Which of the following is concerned with authenticity, reflexive validity, and phenomenological validity?

A purposeful sample is comprised of people selected on the basis of a particular attribute.

Lincoln & Guba argue that the best instruments for qualitative research are:

Action research is research that promotes social change, policy change, problem solving, or program development and evaluation.

The purity of the recorded data in a qualitative study in comparison to the actual lived experience being assessed is called _, while the degree of flexibility in adapting methods during data collection is called ________.

You should choose a qualitative design if which of the following conditions is met?

The emergence of theory as a result of data analysis is called:

A criteria for evaluation of qualitative research includes emotionality and caring, according to Denzin & Lincoln.

Situated knowledge is research based on the experience of the writer.