Question 1

Women are especially susceptible to severe bone degeneration characterized by loss of bone mass and increased bone porosity.This condition is called

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis is a condition in which there is a significant loss of bone mass and increased bone porosity. Women are particularly susceptible to developing osteoporosis, especially after menopause when estrogen levels decrease.

Question 2

To understand the overall health of a person requires not only understanding their biological functioning but also their

Accepted Answer

Understanding a person's overall health involves considering their psychological, sociocultural, and life-cycle factors, as all these aspects contribute to their well-being.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is the best conclusion regarding the biological theories of aging?

Accepted Answer

No single biological theory fully explains the complex process of aging, as it is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

Question 4

Gradual thinning and graying of the hair occurs naturally with age.Thinning is caused by , whereas graying is caused by .

Accepted Answer

Thinning of hair is due to the destruction of germ centers that produce hair follicles, while graying is due to the cessation of pigment production.

Question 5

The leading cause of broken bones in women is

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis, a condition in which the bones become weak and brittle, is the leading cause of broken bones in women. As women age, they lose more bone mass than they gain, which can lead to osteoporosis. Other risk factors for osteoporosis include low calcium and vitamin D intake, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and certain medical conditions and medications.

Question 6

Substances that prevent oxygen from combining to form free radicals are known as

Accepted Answer

Substances that prevent oxygen from combining to form free radicals are known as antioxidants.

Question 7

Which biological theory of aging examines the role of diet in the aging process?

Accepted Answer

The rate-of-living theories suggest that the rate of an organism's metabolism is related to its lifespan, and diet can influence metabolic rate, thus affecting aging.

Question 8

What typically occurs with regard to height and weight in old age?

Accepted Answer

Typically, people tend to lose both weight and height in old age. This is due to factors such as loss of muscle mass, bone density, and changes in posture. However, there can be individual variations and exceptions to this pattern.

Question 9

Okinawans, who eat only 60% of the normal Japanese diet, have 40 times as many people over the age of 100 than the rest of Japan.This provides evidence for which biological theory of aging?

Accepted Answer

The rate-of-living theory suggests that a lower caloric intake can lead to a longer lifespan, as seen in Okinawans who consume fewer calories and have a higher number of centenarians.

Question 10

Chronic stress may accelerate the changes that occur in and thereby shorten one's life span.

Accepted Answer

Telomeres are the protective caps on the ends of chromosomes that tend to shorten with age and cellular division. Chronic stress has been linked to the accelerated shortening of telomeres, leading to cellular damage and potential lifespan shortening. Coenzymes, free radicals, and antioxidants are not directly related to this process.

Question 11

Cross-linking is a process in which certain proteins in human cells interact randomly and produce molecules that are linked in such a way that they make the body stiffer.Which theoretical perspective does cross-linking represent?

Accepted Answer

The cellular theory suggests that aging is due to changes at the cellular level, such as cross-linking, which affects the function and structure of cells, leading to stiffness and other age-related changes.

Question 12

Why is osteoporosis more common in women than in men?

Accepted Answer

The decrease in estrogen levels in women after menopause accelerates bone loss, making osteoporosis more common in women than in men.

Question 13

Which of the following terms is not associated with cellular theories of aging?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol buildup is more commonly associated with cardiovascular health and diseases, not directly with cellular theories of aging.

Question 14

The most noticeable changes in body build are

Accepted Answer

The question asks for the most noticeable changes in body build, and the options include both height and weight. Option A is the best choice because it includes two noticeable changes, namely decreased height and fluctuations in weight. The other options either have only one noticeable change (options C and D) or do not include the noticeable change of weight fluctuations (option B).

Question 15

Is a person's voice susceptible to the aging process?

Accepted Answer

As a person ages, their voice may undergo changes due to the aging process, such as a lower pitch, less precise pronunciation, and lower volume. This can be attributed to changes in the muscles and tissues in the vocal cords, as well as changes in hormone levels. Therefore, Choice C is the most accurate option.

Question 16

Most facial wrinkling experienced by adults is

Accepted Answer

Most facial wrinkling is preventable by limiting exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays and avoiding smoking, which are major contributing factors to skin aging.

Question 17

All of the following are causes of wrinkles except

Accepted Answer

Elastin fibers keeping skin more stretched would not cause wrinkles; rather, it would help maintain skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of wrinkles.

Question 18

Research on muscle development has shown that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that some people are able to retain their muscle strength well into old age, demonstrating that aging is not necessarily a direct cause of muscle weakness. Factors such as physical activity and proper nutrition can help maintain muscle mass and strength.

Question 19

Which of the following is a sign of aging that is not readily apparent?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood pressure is not readily apparent as it often does not have visible symptoms and requires medical measurement to detect.

Question 20

Which theory of aging suggests that there is an innate ability in cells to self-destruct?

Accepted Answer

The programmed-cell-death theory suggests that cells have an innate ability to self-destruct as part of a natural process of aging.

Quiz 3: Physical Changes